Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Title
Now showing items 17147-17166 of 24540
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Private Virtues, Public Vices: Governing Philanthropy
(2014-06-06)Philanthropy is often considered an unproblematic way for individuals (and especially the rich) to benefit recipients and society by "giving their money away." But philanthropy also gives donors influence and authority, ... -
Privatization in the United States
(RAND, 1997)In the United States, the two principal modes of producing local government services are inhouse provision by government employees and contracting out to private suppliers, also known as privatization. We examine empirically ... -
Privatizing Russia
(Brookings Institution Press, 1993) -
Prize Structure and Information in Tournaments: Experimental Evidence
(American Economic Association, 2010)This paper examines behavior in a tournament in which we vary the tournament prize structure and the available information about participants’ skill at the task of solving mazes. The number of solved mazes is lowest when ... -
Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide-gauge sites
(Wiley Open Access, 2014)Sea-level rise due to both climate change and non-climatic factors threatens coastal settlements, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Projections of mean global sea-level (GSL) rise provide insufficient information to plan ... -
Probabilistic Algorithms for Information and Technology Flows in the Networks
(2012-10-16)This thesis studies several probabilistic algorithms for information and technology flow in the networks. Information flow refers to the circulation of information in social or communication networks for the purpose of ... -
Probabilistic approaches to multi-study genomic matrix decompositions and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis
(2023-05-12)Analyzing genomic data yields critical insights into important biological and clinical questions, but can be challenging due to noise, sparsity, and systematic sources of unwanted variation. This dissertation develops ... -
Probabilistic Models of Structure in Biological Sequences
(2018-09-25)The machinery of life is encoded in biological polymers for which sequence, structure, and function are intimately connected. This dissertation presents new probabilistic models for uncovering these connections from ... -
Probabilistic n-Choose-k Models for Classification and Ranking
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 2012)In categorical data there is often structure in the number of variables that take on each label. For example, the total number of objects in an image and the number of highly relevant documents per query in web search both ... -
Probabilistic Sophistication and Variational Preferences
(Elsevier, 2011)This paper shows that in the class of variational preferences the notion of probabilistic sophistication is equivalent to expected utility as long as there exists at least one event such that the independence axiom holds ... -
Probabilistic synchronous tree-adjoining grammars for machine translation: The argument from bilingual dictionaries.
(Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007)We provide a conceptual basis for thinking of machine translation in terms of synchronous grammars in general, and probabilistic synchronous tree-adjoining grammars in particular. Evidence for the view is found in the ... -
Probable Calcified Metaphytes in the Latest Proterozoic Nama Group, Namibia: Origin, Diagenesis, and Implications
(The Paleontological Society, 1991)Samples from the Huns Limestone Member, Urusis Formation, Nama Group, at two adjacent localities in southern Namibia contain thin foliose to arched, sheet-like carbonate crusts that are 100-500-mu-m thick and up to 5 cm ... -
Probable nature of higher-dimensional symmetries underlying mammalian grid-cell activity patterns
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2015)Lattices abound in nature—from the crystal structure of minerals to the honey-comb organization of ommatidia in the compound eye of insects. These arrangements provide solutions for optimal packings, efficient resource ... -
Probing Allostery through DNA
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013)Allostery is well documented for proteins but less recognized for DNA-protein interactions. Here, we report that specific binding of a protein on DNA is substantially stabilized or destabilized by another protein bound ... -
Probing Biological Light-Harvesting Phenomena by Optical Cavities
(American Physical Society, 2012)We propose a driven optical cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) setup aimed at directly probing energy transport dynamics in photosynthetic biomolecules. We show that detailed information concerning energy transfer paths ... -
Probing charged matter through h → γγ, gamma ray lines, and EDMs
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2013)Numerous experiments currently underway offer the potential to indirectly probe new charged particles with masses at the weak scale. For example, the tentative excess in h → γγ decays and the tentative gamma-ray line in ... -
Probing competing and intertwined orders with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering in the hole-doped cuprates
(American Physical Society, 2015)We develop a formalism to study indirect resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) in systems with itinerant electrons, accounting for the attraction between valence electrons and the positively charged core hole exactly, ... -
Probing dynamics of a two-dimensional dipolar spin ensemble
(2022-06-06)One of the central challenges of modern statistical physics is understanding the thermalization dynamics of quantum many-body systems at the microscopic level. In this thesis, we describe an experimental study of individual ... -
Probing Dynein and Kinesin Stepping with Mechanical Manipulation in a Living Cell
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009)Molecular motors: By combining optical tweezers and high-speed particle tracking, individual steps of microtubule motor proteins transporting organelles can be detected under known force loads in living mammalian cells ... -
Probing electron transfer mechanisms in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 using a nanoelectrode platform and single-cell imaging
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010)Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising approach for sustainable energy production as they generate electricity directly from metabolism of organic substrates without the need for catalysts. However, the mechanisms ...