Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "Cognition"
Now showing items 1-16 of 16
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Anticipation of Monetary Reward Can Attenuate the Vigilance Decrement
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Motivation and reward can have differential effects on separate aspects of sustained attention. We previously demonstrated that continuous reward/punishment throughout a sustained attention task improves overall performance, ... -
Awake, Offline Processing during Associative Learning
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Offline processing has been shown to strengthen memory traces and enhance learning in the absence of conscious rehearsal or awareness. Here we evaluate whether a brief, two-minute offline processing period can boost ... -
Executive Function, Visual Attention and the Cocktail Party Problem in Musicians and Non-Musicians
(Public Library of Science, 2016)The goal of this study was to investigate how cognitive factors influence performance in a multi-talker, “cocktail-party” like environment in musicians and non-musicians. This was achieved by relating performance in a ... -
Failure of Working Memory Training to Enhance Cognition or Intelligence
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Fluid intelligence is important for successful functioning in the modern world, but much evidence suggests that fluid intelligence is largely immutable after childhood. Recently, however, researchers have reported gains ... -
First Is Best
(Public Library of Science, 2012)We experience the world serially rather than simultaneously. A century of research on human and nonhuman animals has suggested that the first experience in a series of two or more is cognitively privileged. We report three ... -
Gender Differences in Sustained Attentional Control Relate to Gender Inequality across Countries
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Sustained attentional control is critical for everyday tasks and success in school and employment. Understanding gender differences in sustained attentional control, and their potential sources, is an important goal of ... -
Marital status, widowhood duration, gender and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among older adults in India
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Previous research has demonstrated health benefits of marriage and the potential for worse outcomes during widowhood in some populations. However, few studies have assessed the relevance of widowhood and widowhood ... -
Multivoxel Patterns in Fusiform Face Area Differentiate Faces by Sex and Race
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Although prior research suggests that fusiform gyrus represents the sex and race of faces, it remains unclear whether fusiform face area (FFA)–the portion of fusiform gyrus that is functionally-defined by its preferential ... -
One with the Cloud: Why People Mistake the Internet's Knowledge for Their Own
(2013-09-04)The internet is a consistent presence in people's daily lives. As people upload, download, and offload information to and from this cloud mind, the line between people's own minds and the cloud mind of the internet may ... -
Perception, Cognition, and Effectiveness of Visualizations with Applications in Science and Engineering
(2014-06-06)Visualization is a powerful tool for data exploration and analysis. With data ever-increasing in quantity and becoming integrated into our daily lives, having effective visualizations is necessary. But how does one design ... -
Phenotypic Heterogeneity and the Evolution of Bacterial Life Cycles
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Most bacteria live in colonies, where they often express different cell types. The ecological significance of these cell types and their evolutionary origin are often unknown. Here, we study the evolution of cell differentiation ... -
Plans, Habits, and Theory of Mind
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Human success and even survival depends on our ability to predict what others will do by guessing what they are thinking. If I accelerate, will he yield? If I propose, will she accept? If I confess, will they forgive? ... -
Shorter Lines Facilitate Reading in Those Who Struggle
(Public Library of Science, 2013)People with dyslexia, who ordinarily struggle to read, sometimes remark that reading is easier when e-readers are used. Here, we used eye tracking to observe high school students with dyslexia as they read using these ... -
The Evolution of Ineffective Technologies in Human Societies – A Cognitive and Cultural Evolutionary Perspective
(2022-04-18)Throughout history and across human societies, people practiced magic, divination, and other objectively ineffective technologies. Why would people engage in these ineffective and often costly practices? In this dissertation, ... -
Thinking in Words: Implicit Verbal Activation in Children and Adults
(2013-10-08)The relationship between language and thought has long been a topic of interest and controversy in cognitive science. In this dissertation, I address one aspect of this issue: when is language present during internal ... -
When Does Model-Based Control Pay Off?
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Many accounts of decision making and reinforcement learning posit the existence of two distinct systems that control choice: a fast, automatic system and a slow, deliberative system. Recent research formalizes this distinction ...