Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "cell biology"
Now showing items 1-17 of 17
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All β Cells Contribute Equally to Islet Growth and Maintenance
(Public Library of Science, 2007)In healthy adult mice, the β cell population is not maintained by stem cells but instead by the replication of differentiated β cells. It is not known, however, whether all cells contribute equally to growth and maintenance, ... -
Bayesian Inference Approaches for Particle Trajectory Analysis in Cell Biology
(2013-08-28)Despite the importance of single particle motion in biological systems, systematic inference approaches to analyze particle trajectories and evaluate competing motion models are lacking. An automated approach for robust ... -
Cell Encapsulation in Sub-mm Sized Gel Modules Using Replica Molding
(Public Library of Science, 2008)For many types of cells, behavior in two-dimensional (2D) culture differs from that in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Among biologists, 2D culture on treated plastic surfaces is currently the most popular method for cell ... -
Charge as a Selection Criterion for Translocation through the Nuclear Pore Complex
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are highly selective filters that control the exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm. The principles that govern selective filtering by NPCs are not fully understood. Previous ... -
Csm4, in Collaboration with Ndj1, Mediates Telomere-Led Chromosome Dynamics and Recombination during Yeast Meiosis
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Chromosome movements are a general feature of mid-prophase of meiosis. In budding yeast, meiotic chromosomes exhibit dynamic movements, led by nuclear envelope (NE)-associated telomeres, throughout the zygotene and pachytene ... -
Empirical Multiscale Networks of Cellular Regulation
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Grouping genes by similarity of expression across multiple cellular conditions enables the identification of cellular modules. The known functions of genes enable the characterization of the aggregate biological functions ... -
An Equilibrium-Dependent Retroviral mRNA Switch Regulates Translational Recoding
(Nature Publishing Group, 2011)Most retroviruses require translational recoding of a viral messenger RNA stop codon to maintain a precise ratio of structural (Gag) and enzymatic (Pol) proteins during virus assembly. Pol is expressed exclusively as a ... -
Evolution under Fluctuating Environments Explains Observed Robustness in Metabolic Networks
(Public Library of Science, 2010)A high level of robustness against gene deletion is observed in many organisms. However, it is still not clear which biochemical features underline this robustness and how these are acquired during evolution. One hypothesis, ... -
High-Resolution Mutation Mapping Reveals Parallel Experimental Evolution in Yeast
(Public Library of Science, 2006)Understanding the genetic basis of evolutionary adaptation is limited by our ability to efficiently identify the genomic locations of adaptive mutations. Here we describe a method that can quickly and precisely map the ... -
Imaging Poliovirus Entry in Live Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Viruses initiate infection by transferring their genetic material across a cellular membrane and into the appropriate compartment of the cell. The mechanisms by which animal viruses, especially nonenveloped viruses, deliver ... -
Impact of Structural Alterations on the Cellular Functions and Interactions of O-GlcNAc Transferase
(2023-06-01)O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian glycosyltransferase that catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation of serine and threonine residues and cleavage of Host Cell Factor 1. Via these catalytic activities and participation ... -
Molecular Basis of Filamin A-FilGAP Interaction and Its Impairment in Congenital Disorders Associated with Filamin A Mutations
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Background: Mutations in filamin A (FLNa), an essential cytoskeletal protein with multiple binding partners, cause developmental anomalies in humans. Methodology/principal findings: We determined the structure of the 23rd ... -
Molecular Signatures of Quiescent, Mobilized and Leukemia-Initiating Hematopoietic Stem Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are rare, multipotent cells capable of generating all specialized cells of the blood system. Appropriate regulation of HSC quiescence is thought to be crucial to maintain their lifelong ... -
Order and Stochastic Dynamics in Drosophila Planar Cell Polarity
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Cells in the wing blade of Drosophila melanogaster exhibit an in-plane polarization causing distal orientation of hairs. Establishment of the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) involves intercellular interactions as well as a ... -
Reinforcement versus Fluidization in Cytoskeletal Mechanoresponsiveness
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Every adherent eukaryotic cell exerts appreciable traction forces upon its substrate. Moreover, every resident cell within the heart, great vessels, bladder, gut or lung routinely experiences large periodic stretches. As ... -
A sex-ratio Meiotic Drive System in Drosophila simulans. II: An X-linked Distorter
(Public Library of Science, 2007)The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes creates a genetic condition favoring the invasion of sex-ratio meiotic drive elements, resulting in the biased transmission of one sex chromosome over the other, in violation ... -
Single-Nucleosome Mapping of Histone Modifications in S. cerevisiae
(Public Library of Science, 2005)Covalent modification of histone proteins plays a role in virtually every process on eukaryotic DNA, from transcription to DNA repair. Many different residues can be covalently modified, and it has been suggested that these ...