Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "Biology, Virology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 39
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A Global View of Translation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infected Cells
(2018-01-19)Infection of mammalian cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) results in the inhibition of cellular translation, while viral translation proceeds efficiently. This host “shutoff” is mediated by multiple mechanisms. ... -
Activation and Antagonism of RIG-I-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling by Herpes Simplex Virus 1
(2018-01-16)The cytosolic innate immune receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that emerges during viral infection and initiates an antiviral response comprised of interferon (IFN) and ... -
Adaptive Evolution of the SIV Envelope Protein During Early SIV Infection
(2016-03-08)Primate lentiviruses (PLVs), including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV type 2 (HIV-2), and the simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), cause persistent lifelong infections despite the presence of virus-specific ... -
Antibody Responses Against HIV-1 Vaccine Candidates
(2018-09-16)The elicitation of protective antibody responses is likely to be important in developing a successful human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. As HIV-1 infection in humans is predominantly transmitted via the ... -
The Brain Has an Innate Immune Response That Can Limit Virus Spread
(2016-05-17)The brain has a tightly regulated environment that protects non-regenerating post-mitotic neurons and limits inflammation, which led to its description as a site of ‘immune privilege’. For example, viral and bacterial ... -
CD4 T Cells Regulate Adenovirus Vector-Elicited Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses
(2016-01-08)The processes that regulate viral vector vaccine-elicited cellular and humoral immune responses remain poorly defined. Thus, in this thesis, the role of CD4+ T cells – master regulators of adaptive immunity – in modulating ... -
Comprehensive Approaches to Identifying the Targets of Natural and Synthetic Antibodies Using Microarray DNA Synthesis and High-Throughput Sequencing
(2015-09-24)The incredible flexibility and specificity of the humoral immune response is dependent on the highly diverse repertoire of naïve and affinity-matured antibodies. Utilizing and understanding the power of this response ... -
Cutaneous Papillomavirus E6 Inhibit NOTCH and TGF-Beta Signaling to Disrupt Keratinocyte Differentiation.
(2017-01-19)Cutaneous beta-papillomaviruses are associated with non-melanoma skin cancers that arise in patients who suffer from a rare genetic disorder, Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis or after immunosuppression following organ ... -
Discovery and characterization of the ligands of NK-cell receptors implicated in human diseases
(2016-08-31)Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that act as first-line defenders against intracellular pathogens. Their functions are dictated by germline-encoded activating and inhibitory ... -
Dysregulation of Host Cellular microRNA Expression by the Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Oncoproteins
(2017-05-12)Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses with a tropism for squamous epithelia. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by a small group of high-risk HPVs and these viruses are also associated with anal, vaginal, ... -
Emergence of simian immunodeficiency virus in rhesus macaques is characterized by changes in structural and accessory genes that enhance fitness in the new host species
(2016-02-25)The distribution of lentiviruses among primates reflects a history of interspecies transmission and emergence of new virus-host relationships. The degree to which viruses must adapt to the genetic environment of new host ... -
Epigenetic Alterations Induced by Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Oncoproteins
(2018-05-11)High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) account for over 99 percent of cervical carcinomas as well as other anogenital tract and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins are consistently expressed in cervical ... -
Epigenetic Regulation of Lytic and Latent Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection
(2015-05-01)Epigenetic regulation plays a major role in whether the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) will initiate viral gene expression and lytic infection or instead suppress its gene expression and establish a latent infection. Prior ... -
Evasion of MDA5-Mediated Innate Immunity by Paramyxoviruses
(2015-05-04)The innate immune sensor MDA5, a RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), is critical for the detection of viral nucleic acid, eliciting an antiviral immune response. Aberrant immune activation can be detrimental to the host; therefore, ... -
Functional analysis of multiple activities associated with the herpes simplex virus-1 DNA polymerase
(2018-05-11)Of the DNA replication proteins required for herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) viral replication, the catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase (Pol) has been the most extensively studied, both as a model for Family B polymerases ... -
Gene Expression and CD4+ T Cell Susceptibility to SIV
(2016-09-08)HIV and its simian counterpart SIV infect CD4+ T cells; however, not all CD4+ T cells are equally vulnerable to infection. Despite decades of research, a complete molecular description of a CD4+ T cell susceptible to ... -
Genomes of Small RNA Viruses: Amendments, Discoveries, and Characterizations
(2018-05-10)RNA viruses make up a disproportionate amount of emerging human diseases, largely contribute to agriculture, and are recognized for their important roles in shaping the evolution of life. Metagenomics datasets have emphasized ... -
Genomic Analysis of Viral Outbreaks
(2018-05-11)Due to recent advances in sequencing technologies, genomics has emerged as a powerful tool for combating viral outbreaks. In this dissertation, I show how genomic data can be used to understand the transmission, as well ... -
HIV-Specific CD4 T Cells and Viral Control
(2015-01-15)CD4 T cells play an important and central role in the immune system, coordinating the arms of the adaptive immune system to shape an effective response while simultaneously regulating non-essential or deleterious activities. ... -
Innate Immunity and Adenovirus Vector Immunization
(2018-09-15)Innate immunity plays a critical role as an initial barrier to infection. In addition, innate immunity can serve to shape and regulate adaptive immune responses. Therefore, investigating the integration of innate and ...