Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "Biology and life sciences"

Now showing items 1-20 of 22

    • Antigen-Specific Antibody Glycosylation Is Regulated via Vaccination 

      Mahan, Alison E.; Jennewein, Madeleine F.; Suscovich, Todd; Dionne, Kendall; Tedesco, Jacquelynne; Chung, Amy W.; Streeck, Hendrik; Pau, Maria; Schuitemaker, Hanneke; Francis, Don; Fast, Patricia; Laufer, Dagna; Walker, Bruce D.; Baden, Lindsey; Barouch, Dan H.; Alter, Galit (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, play a critical role in immunity against multiple pathogens, particularly in the ...

    • Crystal Structure of the FERM-SH2 Module of Human Jak2 

      McNally, Randall; Toms, Angela V.; Eck, Michael J. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Jak-family tyrosine kinases mediate signaling from diverse cytokine receptors. Binding of Jaks to their cognate receptors is mediated by their N-terminal region, which contains FERM and SH2 domains. Here we describe the ...

    • Differences in the Selection Bottleneck between Modes of Sexual Transmission Influence the Genetic Composition of the HIV-1 Founder Virus 

      Tully, Damien C.; Ogilvie, Colin B.; Batorsky, Rebecca E.; Bean, David J.; Power, Karen A.; Ghebremichael, Musie; Bedard, Hunter E.; Gladden, Adrianne D.; Seese, Aaron M.; Amero, Molly A.; Lane, Kimberly; McGrath, Graham; Bazner, Suzane B.; Tinsley, Jake; Lennon, Niall J.; Henn, Matthew R.; Brumme, Zabrina L.; Norris, Philip J.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Jessen, Heiko; Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L.; Walker, Bruce D.; Altfeld, Marcus; Carlson, Jonathan M.; Allen, Todd M. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Due to the stringent population bottleneck that occurs during sexual HIV-1 transmission, systemic infection is typically established by a limited number of founder viruses. Elucidation of the precise forces influencing the ...

    • Engineered Hyperactive Integrase for Concerted HIV-1 DNA Integration 

      Li, Min; Jurado, Kellie A.; Lin, Shiqiang; Engelman, Alan; Craigie, Robert (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      The DNA cutting and joining reactions of HIV-1 integration are catalyzed by integrase (IN), a viral protein that functions as a tetramer bridging the two viral DNA ends (intasome). Two major obstacles for biochemical and ...

    • Implementation and Outcomes of a Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Program in Rural Guatemala 

      Flood, David; Mux, Sandy; Martinez, Boris; García, Pablo; Douglas, Kate; Goldberg, Vera; Lopez, Waleska; Rohloff, Peter (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: The burden of chronic, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes is growing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Implementing management programs for diabetes and other chronic diseases for underserved ...

    • Inhibition of IKKα by BAY61-3606 Reveals IKKα-Dependent Histone H3 Phosphorylation in Human Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells 

      Ho, Catherine M. K.; Donovan-Banfield, I’ah Z.; Tan, Li; Zhang, Tinghu; Gray, Nathanael S.; Strang, Blair L. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Protein kinase inhibitors can be used as tools to identify proteins and pathways required for virus replication. Using virus replication assays and western blotting we found that the widely used protein kinase inhibitor ...

    • Interleukin-6 Secretion by Astrocytes Is Dynamically Regulated by PI3K-mTOR-Calcium Signaling 

      Codeluppi, Simone; Fernandez-Zafra, Teresa; Sandor, Katalin; Kjell, Jacob; Liu, Qingsong; Abrams, Mathew; Olson, Lars; Gray, Nathanael S.; Svensson, Camilla I.; Uhlén, Per (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      After contusion spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes become reactive and form a glial scar. While this reduces spreading of the damage by containing the area of injury, it inhibits regeneration. One strategy to improve the ...

    • Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Promotes Pro-Glycolytic Metabolic Perturbations Required for Transformation 

      Berrios, Christian; Padi, Megha; Keibler, Mark A.; Park, Donglim Esther; Molla, Vadim; Cheng, Jingwei; Lee, Soo Mi; Stephanopoulos, Gregory; Quackenbush, John; DeCaprio, James A. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is an etiological agent of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive skin cancer. The MCPyV small tumor antigen (ST) is required for maintenance of MCC and can transform normal cells. ...

    • Minimally Symptomatic Infection in an Ebola ‘Hotspot’: A Cross-Sectional Serosurvey 

      Richardson, Eugene T.; Kelly, J. Daniel; Barrie, Mohamed Bailor; Mesman, Annelies W.; Karku, Sahr; Quiwa, Komba; Marsh, Regan H.; Koedoyoma, Songor; Daboh, Fodei; Barron, Kathryn P.; Grady, Michael; Tucker, Elizabeth; Dierberg, Kerry L.; Rutherford, George W.; Barry, Michele; Jones, James Holland; Murray, Megan B.; Farmer, Paul E. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Introduction: Evidence for minimally symptomatic Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is limited. During the 2013–16 outbreak in West Africa, it was not considered epidemiologically relevant to published models or projections of ...

    • miR-190 Enhances HIF-Dependent Responses to Hypoxia in Drosophila by Inhibiting the Prolyl-4-hydroxylase Fatiga 

      De Lella Ezcurra, Ana Laura; Bertolin, Agustina Paola; Kim, Kevin; Katz, Maximiliano Javier; Gándara, Lautaro; Misra, Tvisha; Luschnig, Stefan; Perrimon, Norbert; Melani, Mariana; Wappner, Pablo (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Cellular and systemic responses to low oxygen levels are principally mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs), a family of evolutionary conserved heterodimeric transcription factors, whose alpha- and beta-subunits ...

    • Persistent Low-Level Replication of SIVΔnef Drives Maturation of Antibody and CD8 T Cell Responses to Induce Protective Immunity against Vaginal SIV Infection 

      Adnan, Sama; Reeves, R. Keith; Gillis, Jacqueline; Wong, Fay E.; Yu, Yi; Camp, Jeremy V.; Li, Qingsheng; Connole, Michelle; Li, Yuan; Piatak, Michael; Lifson, Jeffrey D.; Li, Wenjun; Keele, Brandon F.; Kozlowski, Pamela A.; Desrosiers, Ronald C.; Haase, Ashley T.; Johnson, R. Paul (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Defining the correlates of immune protection conferred by SIVΔnef, the most effective vaccine against SIV challenge, could enable the design of a protective vaccine against HIV infection. Here we provide a comprehensive ...

    • Production of Mucosally Transmissible SHIV Challenge Stocks from HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 01_AE env Sequences 

      Tartaglia, Lawrence J.; Chang, Hui-Wen; Lee, Benjamin C.; Abbink, Peter; Ng’ang’a, David; Boyd, Michael; Lavine, Christy L.; Lim, So-Yon; Sanisetty, Srisowmya; Whitney, James B.; Seaman, Michael S.; Rolland, Morgane; Tovanabutra, Sodsai; Ananworanich, Jintanat; Robb, Merlin L.; Kim, Jerome H.; Michael, Nelson L.; Barouch, Dan H. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge stocks are critical for preclinical testing of vaccines, antibodies, and other interventions aimed to prevent HIV-1. A major unmet need for the field has been the lack ...

    • Rabies Internalizes into Primary Peripheral Neurons via Clathrin Coated Pits and Requires Fusion at the Cell Body 

      Piccinotti, Silvia; Whelan, Sean P. J. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The single glycoprotein (G) of rabies virus (RABV) dictates all viral entry steps from receptor engagement to membrane fusion. To study the uptake of RABV into primary neuronal cells in culture, we generated a recombinant ...

    • Real-Time Predictions of Reservoir Size and Rebound Time during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption Trials for HIV 

      Hill, Alison L.; Rosenbloom, Daniel I. S.; Goldstein, Edward; Hanhauser, Emily; Kuritzkes, Daniel R.; Siliciano, Robert F.; Henrich, Timothy J. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Monitoring the efficacy of novel reservoir-reducing treatments for HIV is challenging. The limited ability to sample and quantify latent infection means that supervised antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption studies are ...

    • Recombination-Independent Recognition of DNA Homology for Repeat-Induced Point Mutation (RIP) Is Modulated by the Underlying Nucleotide Sequence 

      Gladyshev, Eugene; Kleckner, Nancy (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Haploid germline nuclei of many filamentous fungi have the capacity to detect homologous nucleotide sequences present on the same or different chromosomes. Once recognized, such sequences can undergo cytosine methylation ...

    • The Role of Muscle microRNAs in Repairing the Neuromuscular Junction 

      Valdez, Gregorio; Heyer, Mary P.; Feng, Guoping; Sanes, Joshua R. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      microRNAs have been implicated in mediating key aspects of skeletal muscle development and responses to diseases and injury. Recently, we demonstrated that a synaptically enriched microRNA, miR-206, functions to promote ...

    • SiteOut: An Online Tool to Design Binding Site-Free DNA Sequences 

      Estrada, Javier; Ruiz-Herrero, Teresa; Scholes, Clarissa; Wunderlich, Zeba; DePace, Angela H. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      DNA-binding proteins control many fundamental biological processes such as transcription, recombination and replication. A major goal is to decipher the role that DNA sequence plays in orchestrating the binding and activity ...

    • Systems Pharmacology and Rational Polypharmacy: Nitric Oxide−Cyclic GMP Signaling Pathway as an Illustrative Example and Derivation of the General Case 

      Garmaroudi, Farshid S.; Handy, Diane E.; Liu, Yang-Yu; Loscalzo, Joseph (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Impaired nitric oxide (NO˙)-cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been observed in many cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. There are several enzymatic ...

    • TIM3 Mediates T Cell Exhaustion during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection 

      Jayaraman, Pushpa; Jacques, Miye K.; Zhu, Chen; Steblenko, Katherine M.; Stowell, Britni L.; Madi, Asaf; Anderson, Ana C.; Kuchroo, Vijay K.; Behar, Samuel M. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      While T cell immunity initially limits Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, why T cell immunity fails to sterilize the infection and allows recrudescence is not clear. One hypothesis is that T cell exhaustion impairs ...

    • Transitioning to Country Ownership of HIV Programs in Rwanda 

      Binagwaho, Agnes; Kankindi, Ida; Kayirangwa, Eugenie; Nyemazi, Jean Pierre; Nsanzimana, Sabin; Morales, Fernando; Kadende-Kaiser, Rose; Scott, Kirstin Woody; Mugisha, Veronicah; Sahabo, Ruben; Baribwira, Cyprien; Isanhart, Leia; Asiimwe, Anita; El-Sadr, Wafaa M.; Raghunathan, Pratima L. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Agnes Binagwaho and colleagues describe how Rwanda achieved country ownership of its HIV programs.