Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "Cognitive Science"
Now showing items 1-14 of 14
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4-Phenylbutyrate Attenuates the ER Stress Response and Cyclic AMP Accumulation in DYT1 Dystonia Cell Models
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Dystonia is a neurological disorder in which sustained muscle contractions induce twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posturing. DYT1 early-onset primary dystonia is the most common form of hereditary dystonia ... -
Anticipation of Monetary Reward Can Attenuate the Vigilance Decrement
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Motivation and reward can have differential effects on separate aspects of sustained attention. We previously demonstrated that continuous reward/punishment throughout a sustained attention task improves overall performance, ... -
Awake, Offline Processing during Associative Learning
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Offline processing has been shown to strengthen memory traces and enhance learning in the absence of conscious rehearsal or awareness. Here we evaluate whether a brief, two-minute offline processing period can boost ... -
Effects of Non-Symbolic Approximate Number Practice on Symbolic Numerical Abilities in Pakistani Children
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Current theories of numerical cognition posit that uniquely human symbolic number abilities connect to an early developing cognitive system for representing approximate numerical magnitudes, the approximate number system ... -
Executive Function, Visual Attention and the Cocktail Party Problem in Musicians and Non-Musicians
(Public Library of Science, 2016)The goal of this study was to investigate how cognitive factors influence performance in a multi-talker, “cocktail-party” like environment in musicians and non-musicians. This was achieved by relating performance in a ... -
Gender Differences in Sustained Attentional Control Relate to Gender Inequality across Countries
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Sustained attentional control is critical for everyday tasks and success in school and employment. Understanding gender differences in sustained attentional control, and their potential sources, is an important goal of ... -
Investigating the Neural Correlates of Voice versus Speech-Sound Directed Information in Pre-School Children
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Studies in sleeping newborns and infants propose that the superior temporal sulcus is involved in speech processing soon after birth. Speech processing also implicitly requires the analysis of the human voice, which conveys ... -
Modeling the Role of Networks and Individual Differences in Inter-Group Violence
(Public Library of Science, 2016)There is significant heterogeneity within and between populations in their propensity to engage in conflict. Most research has neglected the role of within-group effects in social networks in contributing to between-group ... -
The Neural Bases of Directed and Spontaneous Mental State Attributions to Group Agents
(Public Library of Science, 2014)In daily life, perceivers often need to predict and interpret the behavior of group agents, such as corporations and governments. Although research has investigated how perceivers reason about individual members of particular ... -
Patterns of Brain Activation when Mothers View Their Own Child and Dog: An fMRI Study
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Neural substrates underlying the human-pet relationship are largely unknown. We examined fMRI brain activation patterns as mothers viewed images of their own child and dog and an unfamiliar child and dog. There was a common ... -
Phenotypic Heterogeneity and the Evolution of Bacterial Life Cycles
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Most bacteria live in colonies, where they often express different cell types. The ecological significance of these cell types and their evolutionary origin are often unknown. Here, we study the evolution of cell differentiation ... -
Plans, Habits, and Theory of Mind
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Human success and even survival depends on our ability to predict what others will do by guessing what they are thinking. If I accelerate, will he yield? If I propose, will she accept? If I confess, will they forgive? ... -
Prediction of Vigilant Attention and Cognitive Performance Using Self-Reported Alertness, Circadian Phase, Hours since Awakening, and Accumulated Sleep Loss
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Sleep restriction causes impaired cognitive performance that can result in adverse consequences in many occupational settings. Individuals may rely on self-perceived alertness to decide if they are able to adequately perform ... -
When Does Model-Based Control Pay Off?
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Many accounts of decision making and reinforcement learning posit the existence of two distinct systems that control choice: a fast, automatic system and a slow, deliberative system. Recent research formalizes this distinction ...