Browsing Faculty of Arts and Sciences by Keyword "biochemistry"
Now showing items 1-20 of 45
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Allosteric Communication in Myosin V: From Small Conformational Changes to Large Directed Movements
(Public Library of Science, 2008)The rigor to post-rigor transition in myosin, a consequence of ATP binding, plays an essential role in the Lymn–Taylor functional cycle because it results in the dissociation of the actomyosin complex after the powerstroke. ... -
Architecture and Regulation of the Arenavirus Polymerase Complex
(2013-02-15)Viruses are the only organisms known to store their genetic information solely in the form of RNA, and have thus evolved unique machinery to replicate an RNA genome and initiate viral gene expression in the infected cell. ... -
Assembly and Regulation of the Lipopolysaccharide Transporter
(2013-02-20)The hallmark of Gram-negative bacteria is the presence of an outer membrane (OM) surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane (here called the inner membrane [IM]) and the cell wall. The OM is a unique asymmetric bilayer with an ... -
Biochemical and Structural Studies of Membrane Proteins
(2012-08-10)Membrane proteins live at the interface between a cell and its environment; hence, they play a variety of important physiological roles such as transmembrane transport, signal transduction, and cell adhesion. The importance ... -
Chemical and Cellular Defenses against Foreign Pathogens
(2012-09-07)Bacterial and viral infections affect billions of people each year. While bacterial infections are treated by the use of antibiotics, viral infections are eradicated by the immune system. This thesis comprises two parts. ... -
Chemistry and the Worm: Caenorhabditis elegans as a Platform for Integrating Chemical and Biological Research
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011)This Review discusses the potential usefulness of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for chemists interested in studying living systems. C. elegans, a 1 mm long roundworm, is a popular model organism in ... -
Crystal Structures of the FAK Kinase in Complex with TAE226 and Related Bis-Anilino Pyrimidine Inhibitors Reveal a Helical DFG Conformation
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase required for cell migration, proliferation and survival. FAK overexpression has been documented in diverse human cancers and is associated with a poor clinical ... -
Defining the Ubiquitin and E2-Enzyme Requirements for APC/C-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin B1
(2012-09-12)Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin regulates many aspects of cell physiology, including protein degradation. A uniform polyubiquitin chain that is linked through Lys48 has been widely accepted as ... -
Discovering Bioactive Peptides and Characterizing the Molecular Pathways that Control Their Activity
(2012-08-15)Bioactive peptides constitute a major class of signaling molecules in animals and have been shown to play a role in diverse physiological processes, including hypertension, appetite and sleep. As a result, knowing the ... -
Discovery of Novel Lipid Pathways associated with the Metabolic Syndrome
(2013-02-19)The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased at alarming rates in recent decades. These diseases are prominent components of the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by marked dyslipidemia. Adipose ... -
DNA Origami Nanoparticles for Cell Delivery: The Effect of Shape and Surface Functionalization on Cell Internalization
(2012-09-14)An outstanding challenge in modern medicine is the safe and efficient delivery of drugs. One approach to improve drug delivery yield and increase specificity towards diseased cells, is to employ a drug carrier to facilitate ... -
Dopamine Signaling Is Essential for Precise Rates of Locomotion by C. elegans
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Dopamine is an important neuromodulator in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We have found that reduced dopamine signaling can cause a distinct abnormality in the behavior of the nematode C. elegans, which has only eight ... -
Elucidating the Regulation and Effectors of the Breast Cancer Oncogene, IKKepsilon
(2012-12-19)The IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon, IKKi, IKBKE) is both a regulator of innate immunity and a breast cancer oncogene that is amplified and overexpressed in ~30% of breast cancers. IKKepsilon promotes malignant ... -
Empirical Bayes Analysis of Quantitative Proteomics Experiments
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Background: Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have enabled the incorporation of proteomic data into systems approaches to biology. However, development of analytical methods has lagged behind. Here we describe ... -
Evolution under Fluctuating Environments Explains Observed Robustness in Metabolic Networks
(Public Library of Science, 2010)A high level of robustness against gene deletion is observed in many organisms. However, it is still not clear which biochemical features underline this robustness and how these are acquired during evolution. One hypothesis, ... -
GPUmotif: An Ultra-Fast and Energy-Efficient Motif Analysis Program Using Graphics Processing Units
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Computational detection of TF binding patterns has become an indispensable tool in functional genomics research. With the rapid advance of new sequencing technologies, large amounts of protein-DNA interaction data have ... -
Hidden Stochastic Nature of a Single Bacterial Motor
(American Physical Society, 2006)The rotary flagellar motor of Escherichia coli bacterium switches stochastically between the clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) direction. We found that the CW and CCW intervals could be described by a gamma ... -
Imaging Mesoscopic Nuclear Spin Noise with a Diamond Magnetometer
(American Institute of Physics, 2010)Magnetic resonance imaging can characterize and discriminate among tissues using their diverse physical and biochemical properties. Unfortunately, submicrometer screening of biological specimens is presently not possible, ... -
Impact of Structural Alterations on the Cellular Functions and Interactions of O-GlcNAc Transferase
(2023-06-01)O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian glycosyltransferase that catalyzes O-GlcNAcylation of serine and threonine residues and cleavage of Host Cell Factor 1. Via these catalytic activities and participation ... -
Investigation of the Inheritance of Polycomb Group-Dependent Repression through Mitosis
(2012-09-12)Inheritance of gene expression patterns through multiple rounds of cell division is crucial for the normal development of multi-cellular organisms and is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Many epigenetic mechanisms are ...