T h e translation of citizen votes into legislative seats is of central importance in democratic electoral systems. It has been a longstanding concern among scholars in political science and in numerous other disciplines. ...

Smectic layering at the surface and smectic fluctuations in the bulk can be studied simultaneously by x-ray specular reflectivity and scattering measurements. There is a peak in the angular dependence of the specular ...

A comprehensive study of the thickness dependence of the phase diagram of freely suspended films of the liquid crystal 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) between \(50 and 69^{\circ}C\) is reported. In thick ...

Detailed x-ray scattering studies of the modulated phases of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) are reported. In addition to the previously identified one-dimensional modulation that appears at the transition ...

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction methods employing a position-sensitive detector were used to study smectic-C (SmC) and smectic-I (SmI) phases in thin (2–6 molecular layers) liquid-crystal films of 4-(n-heptyloxy)benzyliden ...

We report x-ray reflectivity measurements on the free surface of \(4-n-heptylphenyl-4'-(4"-nitrobenzoyloxy)benzoate (DB7NO_2)\) at the nematic to smectic-A phase transition, \(T_{NA}=99.9^{\circ}C\). The free surface in ...