The design, implementation, and use of grammar formalisms for natural language have constituted a major branch of computational linguistics throughout its development. By viewing grammar formalisms as just a special case ...

A considerable body of accumulated knowledge about the design of languages for communicating information to computers has been derived from the subfields of programming language design and semantics. It has been the goal ...

X-ray reflectivity from the surface of a nematic liquid crystal is interpreted as the coherent superposition of Fresnel reflection from the surface and Bragg reflection from smectic order induced by the surface. Angular ...

A dislocation-mediated model is presented for restacking phase transitions that have been observed in a variety of lamellar (liquid crystalline) systems. The model explains the existence of nonhexagonal crystalline (smectic)-B ...

The phase diagram of freely suspended thin films of heptyloxybenzylidene-heptylaniline shows dramatic changes for thicknesses below 22 layers. The most surprising feature of the phase diagram is the inclusion of two phases ...

A new technique which provides an absolute measurement of the smectic elastic constant B is presented. This technique measures second sound on samples whose top surface is an air—liquid-crystal interface. The free surface ...

The Immediate Dominance/Linear Precedence (ID/LP) formalism is a recent extension of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) designed to perform some of the tasks previously assigned to metarules--for example, modeling ...

A simple model for solute trapping during rapid solidification is presented in terms of a single unknown parameters, the interfacial diffusivity D_i. A transition from equilibrium segregation to complete solute ...