A long-standing question in evolutionary biology is whether adaptation will typically proceed through a few mutations with large selective effects or many mutations with small effects. Many studies have implicated few ...

Methylobacterium extorquens strains are the best-studied methylotrophic model system, and their metabolism of single carbon compounds has been studied for over 50 years. Here we develop a new system for high-throughput ...

How do adapting populations navigate the tensions between the costs of gene expression and the benefits of gene products to optimize the levels of many genes at once? Here we combined independently-arising beneficial ...