Neurodegeneration is a debilitating process defining diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Research on neurodegeneration has focused on neuronal tau protein accumulation, ...

Gene expression links genotype to phenotype; it is the fundamental mechanism by which genomic information stored in DNA is functionalized into RNA and, eventually, protein. Gene expression is a complex process, tightly ...

Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of bacterial cell envelope biogenesis will help identify novel enzymes for future antibiotic targets. While most current research efforts focus on understanding the mechanisms ...

The human cerebral cortex shows remarkable functional specialization into regions devoted to motor, sensory, or visual functions, and these functional areas correlate with dramatic differences in cellular composition, or ...

Growth laws emerging from studies of cell populations provide essential constraints on global mechanisms coordinating cell growth. The foundation of bacterial cell cycle studies, based on extensive work done in Escherichia ...

Despite descending from a common antecedent structure, fish fins and tetrapod limbs have evolved drastically divergent skeletal patterns. These changes have been instrumental to the success of vertebrate lineages both on ...

Tuberculosis (TB) disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, affects millions of people across the world annually. The best tool for controlling TB in individual patients and preventing transmission in ...

Small noncoding RNAs (small RNAs) such as Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), microRNA (miRNAs), and short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression. Small RNAs are bound by Argonaute proteins and, ...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult B cell malignancy, is known to have a variable disease course and multiple modes of therapeutic resistance. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have uncovered ...

Through advances in homing endonuclease engineering and the advent of the CRISPR class RNA-guided endonucleases, the construction, testing, and field deployment of gene drive technology have moved rapidly from theory into ...