# Costs for Integrating Wind into the Future ERCOT System with Related Costs for Savings in $$CO_2$$ Emissions

 dc.contributor.author Sluzas, Nora A. dc.contributor.author Lu, Xi dc.contributor.author McElroy, Michael Brendon dc.date.accessioned 2012-12-06T15:38:32Z dc.date.issued 2011 dc.identifier.citation Lu, Xi, Michael B. McElroy, and Nora A. Sluzas. 2011. Costs for integrating wind into the future ERCOT system with related costs for savings in $$CO_2$$ emissions. Environmental Science and Technology 45(7): 3160-3166. en_US dc.identifier.issn 0013-936X en_US dc.identifier.issn 1520-5851 en_US dc.identifier.uri http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10001143 dc.description.abstract Wind power can make an important contribution to the goal of reducing emissions of $$CO_2$$. The major problem relates to the intrinsic variability of the source and the difficulty of reconciling the supply of electricity with demand particularly at high levels of wind penetration. This challenge is explored for the case of the ERCOT system in Texas. Demand for electricity in Texas is projected to increase by approximately 60% by 2030. Considering hourly load data reported for 2006, assuming that the pattern of demand in 2030 should be similar to 2006, and adopting as a business as usual (BAU) reference an assumption that the anticipated additional electricity should be supplied by a combination of coal and gas with prices, discounted to 2007 dollars of $2 and$6 per MMBTU respectively, we conclude that the bus-bar price for electricity would increase by about 1.1¢/kWh at a wind penetration level of 30%, by about 3.4¢/kWh at a penetration level of 80%. Corresponding costs for reductions in $$CO_2$$ range from $20/ton to$60/ton. A number of possibilities are discussed that could contribute to a reduction in these costs including the impact of an expanded future fleet of electrically driven vehicles. en_US dc.description.sponsorship Engineering and Applied Sciences en_US dc.language.iso en_US en_US dc.publisher American Chemical Society en_US dc.relation.isversionof doi: 10.1021/es103948t en_US dash.license OAP dc.subject inclusion of wind in the ERCOT system en_US dc.subject variability of wind en_US dc.subject CO$$_2$$ savings and costs en_US dc.title Costs for Integrating Wind into the Future ERCOT System with Related Costs for Savings in $$CO_2$$ Emissions en_US dc.type Journal Article en_US dc.description.version Author's Original en_US dc.relation.journal Environmental Science and Technology en_US dash.depositing.author McElroy, Michael Brendon dc.date.available 2012-12-06T15:38:32Z

## Files in this item

Files Size Format View
Lu_CostsIntegrating.doc 667Kb Microsoft Word View/Open
Lu_CostsIntegrating.pdf 782.2Kb PDF View/Open