Surface Oxidation of Liquid Sn

Grigoriev, Alexei; Shpyrko, Oleg; Steimer, Christoph; Pershan, Peter S.; Ocko, Benjamin M.; Deutsch, Moshe; Lin, Binhua; Meron, Mati; Graber, Timothy; Gebhardt, Jeffrey

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Author

Grigoriev, Alexei

Shpyrko, Oleg

Steimer, Christoph

Pershan, Peter S. HARVARD

Ocko, Benjamin M.

Deutsch, Moshe

Lin, Binhua

Meron, Mati

Graber, Timothy

Gebhardt, Jeffrey

Published Version

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.034

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Citation

Grigoriev, Alexei, Oleg Shpyrko, Christoph Steimer, Peter S. Pershan, Benjamin M. Ocko, Moshe Deutsch, Binhua Lin, Mati Meron, Timothy Graber, and Jeffrey Gebhardt. 2005. Surface oxidation of liquid Sn. Surface Science 575(3): 223-232.

Abstract

We report the results of an X-ray scattering study that reveals oxidation kinetics and formation of a previously unreported crystalline phase of SnO at the liquid–vapour interface of Sn. Our experiments reveal that the pure liquid Sn surface does not react with molecular oxygen below an activation pressure of \(\sim\)5.0 × 10\(^{−6}\) Torr. Above that pressure a rough solid Sn oxide grows over the liquid metal surface. Once the activation pressure has been exceeded the oxidation proceeds at pressures below the oxidation pressure threshold. The observed diffraction pattern associated with the surface oxidation does not match any of the known Sn oxide phases. The data have an explicit signature of the face-centred cubic structure, however it requires lattice parameters that are about 9% smaller than those reported for cubic structures of high-pressure phases of Sn oxides.