Browsing HMS Theses and Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 199-218 of 506
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Gender Disparity and Mutation Burden in Melanoma
(2016-05-17)A female advantage in melanoma incidence and outcome has been consistently observed but remains unexplained. We hypothesized that tumors are genetically distinct between men and women and analyzed the mutation spectra in ... -
A Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies a Restricted Set of HIV Host Dependency Factors
(2018-05-15)Host proteins are essential for HIV entry and replication and can be important nonviral therapeutic targets. Large-scale RNA interference (RNAi)-based screens have identified nearly a thousand candidate host factors, but ... -
Genomic Analysis of Evolution in Plasmodium falciparum and Babesia microti
(2015-05-13)Parasitic protozoan infections of the red blood cell are among the most widespread and devastating pathogens of vertebrates. In humans, two genera of pathogens cause disease: the Plasmodia, which cause malaria, and the ... -
Genomic Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapies Across Solid Tumors
(2019-05-06)Immune checkpoint therapies, particularly monoclonal antibodies binding to the immune inhibitory molecules programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), ... -
Harnessing a mRNA Platform Against Salmonellae
(2018-05-16)Salmonella enterica serotypes are the cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in developed countries but also have a considerable burden, especially on young children, in developing countries in the form of more severe diseases, ... -
Health Spending for Low, Middle, and High-Income Americans, 1963-2012
(2016-05-17)U.S. medical spending growth has slowed since 2004, coincident with rising co-payments and deductibles, which might particularly impact lower-income persons. We analyzed 22 national surveys between 1963 and 2012 to assess ... -
Health Systems Reconstruction Among Remote Populations: Trends From Rural Liberia Prior to the Ebola Epidemic
(2015-06-08)Background: The weak health network in post-war Liberia is likely a primary contributor to the unprecedented 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. This paper seeks to assess gaps in the health system prior to the epidemic ... -
Hearing the Light: A Behavioral and Neurophysiological Comparison of Two Optogenetic Strategies for Direct Excitation of Central Auditory Pathways
(2016-05-17)For deaf individuals with absent/damaged cochleae or auditory nerves, the auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is the only option to restore hearing. However, most ABI users have only sound awareness without meaningful speech ... -
Heart Failure in Patients With Stable Atherosclerosis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the TRA 2°P-TIMI 50 Trial
(2018-05-15)Background: Heart failure is a growing public health burden and a morbid complication of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is commonly used for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic ... -
Hemorrhage After Manual Removal of the Placenta: Weighing Risk Factors and the Role of the Third Stage of Labor
(2018-05-15)Introduction: Manual removal of the placenta, often due to uterine atony or an abnormally adherent placenta, can be accompanied by severe maternal postpartum hemorrhage. The objective of this study was to identify risk ... -
Heterogeneity of B cell helper T cells in murine pristane-induced lupus
(2023-05-10)T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are considered the major T cells capable of stimulating B cells responses, and these cells can promote germinal center responses and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. However, ... -
High-Throughput Identification of Molecular Factors that Promote Phenotypic Stabilization of Primary Human Hepatocytes in vitro
(2016-05-17)Liver disease is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide and treatment options are limited, with organ transplantation being the only form of definitive management. Cell-based therapies have long held promise as alternatives ... -
Higher Rates of Packed Red Blood Cell and Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion are Associated with Increased Death and Complication in Non-Massively Transfused Patients: An Explanation for the Increased Burden of Morbidity and Mortality in Emergency General Surgery Patients
(2015-05-13)INTRODUCTION: Morbidity and mortality (M&M) rates are exceedingly high among emergency general surgery (EGS) patients. The underlying cause is unclear. METHODS: (1) Using the American College of Surgery National Surgical ... -
Hippocampal Subfield Alterations Across the Psychotic Disease Spectrum
(2017-05-12)Psychiatry stands at a pivotal point of development. With the advent of brain imaging modalities, descriptive diagnostic criteria have been called into question. Psychotic disorders, historically dichotomized into ... -
HIV RISK-RELATED BEHAVIORS AND WILLINGNESS TO USE PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AMONG BLACK AMERICANS WITH AN ARREST HISTORY ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIV TESTING AND HIV-RELATED RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG US-BORN AND NON-US BORN BLACK INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN THE US
(2021-06-23)Objective: Black individuals in the U.S. are arrested and incarcerated at a significantly higher rate than White individuals, and incarceration is associated with increased HIV vulnerability. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ... -
HIV Stigma in Lilongwe, Malawi: Influence of Gender Roles and Impact on Adherence in Women Accessing HIV Treatment Through Option B+
(2020-06-24)We conducted a mixed-methods study on HIV stigma, comparing two groups of women receiving care through Malawi’s Option B+ program, which since 2011 has provided lifelong treatment to pregnant and breastfeeding women testing ... -
HIV-Associated Changes in the Human Gut Microbiome and Impact on Disease Progression
(2018-05-15)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with increased intestinal translocation of microbial products, enteropathy, and alterations in gut bacterial communities. Whether this is the same in developed and ... -
Humanitarian aid after the 2010 Haitian earthquake: the case of accompaniment
(2014-10-15)Background After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, there was a significant need for basic services such as health, water, food, sanitation, school, protection and security in the largest camp in Port-au-Prince, Park Jean Marie ... -
Identification and Characterization of CD38+ Engulfing Periarterial Brain Border Macrophages
(2021-06-25)Elimination of waste material in the central nervous system (CNS) plays a crucial role in maintaining an optimal environment for neuronal activity. Advances in the characterization of the glymphatic system and of ...