Single-cell transcriptomics reveals bimodality in expression and splicing in immune cells
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Author
Shalek, Alex K.
Satija, Rahul
Adiconis, Xian
Raychowdhury, Raktima
Schwartz, Schragi
Yosef, Nir
Malboeuf, Christine
Lu, Diana
Trombetta, John T.
Gennert, Dave
Gnirke, Andreas
Regev, Aviv
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https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12172Metadata
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Shalek, A. K., R. Satija, X. Adiconis, R. S. Gertner, J. T. Gaublomme, R. Raychowdhury, S. Schwartz, et al. 2013. “Single-cell transcriptomics reveals bimodality in expression and splicing in immune cells.” Nature 498 (7453): 236-240. doi:10.1038/nature12172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12172.Abstract
Recent molecular studies have revealed that, even when derived from a seemingly homogenous population, individual cells can exhibit substantial differences in gene expression, protein levels, and phenotypic output1–5, with important functional consequences4,5. Existing studies of cellular heterogeneity, however, have typically measured only a few pre-selected RNAs1,2 or proteins5,6 simultaneously because genomic profiling methods3 could not be applied to single cells until very recently7–10. Here, we use single-cell RNA-Seq to investigate heterogeneity in the response of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We find extensive, and previously unobserved, bimodal variation in mRNA abundance and splicing patterns, which we validate by RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) for select transcripts. In particular, hundreds of key immune genes are bimodally expressed across cells, surprisingly even for genes that are very highly expressed at the population average. Moreover, splicing patterns demonstrate previously unobserved levels of heterogeneity between cells. Some of the observed bimodality can be attributed to closely related, yet distinct, known maturity states of BMDCs; other portions reflect differences in the usage of key regulatory circuits. For example, we identify a module of 137 highly variable, yet co-regulated, antiviral response genes. Using cells from knockout mice, we show that variability in this module may be propagated through an interferon feedback circuit involving the transcriptional regulators Stat2 and Irf7. Our study demonstrates the power and promise of single-cell genomics in uncovering functional diversity between cells and in deciphering cell states and circuits.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683364/pdf/Terms of Use
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