Browsing SPH Theses and Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 41-60 of 256
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Dairy Products and Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes
(2018-09-07)The association between dairy fat intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk remains unclear despite evidence from several studies examining the relationship between dairy product consumption stratified by fat content and risk ... -
Determinants of Global Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
(2015-04-23)In 2013, approximately 289,000 women died from pregnancy-related causes and 2.8 million newborns died within the first 28 days of life. The vast majority of these deaths occur in resource-limited settings. This work examines ... -
Development of Satellite-Based Emission Inventories and Indoor Exposure Prediction Models for PM2.5
(2016-09-28)Epidemiological studies have documented significant relationships between outdoor particle exposure and adverse health effects whilst indoor residential PM2.5 exposure is found to be the most influential on total PM2.5 ... -
Dietary and Genetic Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease
(2016-04-25)Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Motor symptoms typically do not manifest until significant neuronal loss has already occurred, highlighting the need for early detection and ... -
Dietary and Hormonal Factors in Relation to Physical Function
(2016-04-25)Physical function is increasingly recognized as a key component of healthy aging, in particular as a core component of mobility and independent living in older adults. Prior research has also demonstrated that poor physical ... -
Dietary and Reproductive Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies
(2015-04-27)Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among US women. Several hormonal, anthropometric, lifestyle, and genetic factors are known to be associated with breast ... -
Dietary Determinants of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
(2016-05-04)Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in older Americans. There has been a long standing interest in the role of diet in the development of AMD. As early as the first ... -
Dietary Diversity, Dietary Quality and Sustainable Dietary Surveillance
(2018-09-26)Poor diets are recognized as the leading risk factor for premature mortality and disease globally. Governments need high quality data on population dietary habits and easy-to-use dietary metrics in order to plan strategies ... -
Discovery of HDL Subspecies and Investigation of Their Associations With Insulin Sensitivity and Early Carotid Atherosclerosis
(2016-05-03)Recent findings from genome-wide association studies and pharmaceutical trials of CETP inhibitors suggest that HDL cholesterol might not fully capture the anti-atherogenic functions of HDL. The protein component of HDL ... -
DNA Methylation and Human Diseases: Applied and Methodological Studies
(2018-09-24)DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression and chromosome integrity via addition of methyl groups to cytosine residues. A growing number of human diseases have been found to be associated with ... -
Do Nutrients Counteract the Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Air Particles? The Role of Immuno-Epigenetics in Observational and Intervention Studies
(2016-05-03)Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Identifying modifiable factors and preventative strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular effect of PM2.5 is essential ... -
Does Fathers' Residency Matter? Paternal Influence on Children's Health and Development
(2018-10-10)This dissertation focuses on the effects of fathers' residency status and father involvement on children's health and development in the United States. The data for this dissertation were obtained from the Fragile Families ... -
Dynamic Monitoring Strategies for HIV-Positive Individuals
(2016-04-25)The benefits of immunologic and virologic monitoring for the management of HIV-positive individuals are well established. However, the optimal frequency with which CD4 cell count and HIV RNA should be monitored remains ... -
Early Childhood Obesity in the United States: An Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Risk Factors.
(2016-04-25)This dissertation focused on childhood obesity among preschool aged children in the United States, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort. Chapter 1 examined racial/ethnic differences in ... -
Economics of HIV Vaccines and HIV Vaccine Research and Development
(2018-04-20)This thesis explores the economics of a prospective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine in terms of: a) its cost-effectiveness in South Africa, and b) the opportunity cost of diverting vaccine R&D funds from other ... -
The Effect of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Public Health
(2015-01-20)The effects of temperature and air pollution on public health are comprehensive and ubiquitous. Therefore, this dissertation deals with the comprehensive topic of climate change and air pollution and their effects on public ... -
The Effect of Head Injury on Neurologic and Cognitive Health Throughout the Life Course
(2015-05-01)Recent studies touting the potential long term negative effects of traumatic brain injuries have pushed these injuries in the forefront of public health concern. There is particular concern of whether or not there is a ... -
Effect of Retirement on Health and Mortality
(2018-04-20)Retirement involves a reduction in work hours, and is usually associated with a reduction in household income, and both these factors can affect health. This dissertation comprises of three studies that, together, explore ... -
Effect of Smoking Cessation and Other Lifestyle Modifications on Weight Gain and Risk of Stroke: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula
(2017-09-26)Developing public health policies for chronic disease prevention requires estimating the effects of long-term lifestyle interventions. In the absence of randomized trials conducted over long periods of time, the parametric ... -
The Effects of Socially-Patterned Exposures on Early Childhood Growth
(2016-05-04)There is a growing body of research that suggests that risk factors in the prenatal period and early childhood are important to the development and prevention of overweight in childhood and its sequelae across the life ...