Browsing SPH Theses and Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 54-73 of 256
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Early Childhood Obesity in the United States: An Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Risk Factors.
(2016-04-25)This dissertation focused on childhood obesity among preschool aged children in the United States, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort. Chapter 1 examined racial/ethnic differences in ... -
Economics of HIV Vaccines and HIV Vaccine Research and Development
(2018-04-20)This thesis explores the economics of a prospective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine in terms of: a) its cost-effectiveness in South Africa, and b) the opportunity cost of diverting vaccine R&D funds from other ... -
The Effect of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Public Health
(2015-01-20)The effects of temperature and air pollution on public health are comprehensive and ubiquitous. Therefore, this dissertation deals with the comprehensive topic of climate change and air pollution and their effects on public ... -
The Effect of Head Injury on Neurologic and Cognitive Health Throughout the Life Course
(2015-05-01)Recent studies touting the potential long term negative effects of traumatic brain injuries have pushed these injuries in the forefront of public health concern. There is particular concern of whether or not there is a ... -
Effect of Retirement on Health and Mortality
(2018-04-20)Retirement involves a reduction in work hours, and is usually associated with a reduction in household income, and both these factors can affect health. This dissertation comprises of three studies that, together, explore ... -
Effect of Smoking Cessation and Other Lifestyle Modifications on Weight Gain and Risk of Stroke: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula
(2017-09-26)Developing public health policies for chronic disease prevention requires estimating the effects of long-term lifestyle interventions. In the absence of randomized trials conducted over long periods of time, the parametric ... -
The Effects of Socially-Patterned Exposures on Early Childhood Growth
(2016-05-04)There is a growing body of research that suggests that risk factors in the prenatal period and early childhood are important to the development and prevention of overweight in childhood and its sequelae across the life ... -
Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
(2015-09-14)Due to their cholesterol content, limiting egg intake has been widely recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent reports by the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Committee and AHA/ACC suggest that ... -
Elucidating the Role of the Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer
(2018-04-19)Sex steroid hormones and hormone receptor signaling play a critical role in the development and progression of breast cancers. While the effects of estrogens and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways in the breast are ... -
Emulation of Target Trials to Study the Effectiveness and Safety of Medical Interventions
(2015-09-14)Ideally, clinical guidelines would be informed by well-designed randomized experiments. However, it is generally not possible to conduct a randomized trial for every clinically relevant decision. Decision makers therefore ... -
Enabling Change: MassHealth Expansion of Enhanced Peer Support in Child Behavioral Health
(2018-04-27)There is an unmet need in mental health services for youth and young adults ages 14-25 years in the United States, with only 20-35% receiving needed treatments (NIMH, 2017). Transition Age Youth (TAY) are older adolescents, ... -
Energy Imbalance and Cancer Risk
(2015-04-27)Positive energy imbalance occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In modern society, increased consumption of caloric-dense food and reduced energy expenditure due to low physical activity and sedentary ... -
Environmental Origins of Methylmercury in Aquatic Biota and Humans
(2016-05-03)Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin found in fish and shellfish, that poses risks to human and ecological health. Exposure to MeHg adversely affects neurodevelopment of children and cardiovascular health in adults. Seafood ... -
Epidemiologic Approaches to Evaluating Clinical Outcomes of Drug-Drug Interactions in Electronic Healthcare Data
(2018-04-26)Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are an increasingly important clinical and public health concern as individuals with multiple chronic conditions are living longer and drug regimens are becoming more complex. Pre-marketing ... -
Epidemiology of Dietary and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Mongolia
(2018-04-18)Background: Extreme characteristics of the Mongolian food supply and diet are associated with severe nutritional risks. Understanding these risks is relevant to the study of global chronic disease, but this understanding ... -
Epigenetic and Mitochondrial Biomarkers Linking Air Pollution and Temperature on Human Health: The Normative Aging Study
(2016-09-30)Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 micron or PM2.5) exposure, as well as changes in ambient meteorological conditions are associated with adverse health consequences. However, the ... -
Essays on Health Financing for the Poor
(2015-04-27)Health systems aim to improve population health. Despite global efforts, millions of children still die every year from vaccine preventable diseases and undernutrition attributed deaths. Moreover, about 293,000 maternal ... -
Essays on HIV and Malaria Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa
(2015-05-04)Malaria and HIV are the two diseases that cause the most disability and loss of life in sub-Saharan Africa. Treatments play a critical role in ameliorating the impact of these diseases on patients and their communities. ... -
Estimating Health Effects of Temperature and pm2.5 Using Satellite-Retrieved High-Resolution Exposures
(2016-10-03)Human activities emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, which would affect the environment and in turn affect human health. Accurate estimate of the health effects requires high resolution exposure data of ... -
Evaluating the Ability of Conditional Cash Transfers to Promote Human Capital Through the Protection of Health
(2016-10-03)Conditional cash transfer programs have diffused rapidly across the world since the mid- 1990s and have been adopted as a poverty-reduction tool in the majority of Latin American countries. This dissertation focuses specially ...