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dc.contributor.authorSubbaraman, Ramnathen_US
dc.contributor.authorNolan, Lauraen_US
dc.contributor.authorSawant, Kiranen_US
dc.contributor.authorShitole, Shrutikaen_US
dc.contributor.authorShitole, Tejalen_US
dc.contributor.authorNanarkar, Maheshen_US
dc.contributor.authorPatil-Deshmukh, Anitaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBloom, David E.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2015-08-03T13:59:29Z
dc.date.issued2015en_US
dc.identifier.citationSubbaraman, Ramnath, Laura Nolan, Kiran Sawant, Shrutika Shitole, Tejal Shitole, Mahesh Nanarkar, Anita Patil-Deshmukh, and David E. Bloom. 2015. “Multidimensional Measurement of Household Water Poverty in a Mumbai Slum: Looking Beyond Water Quality.” PLoS ONE 10 (7): e0133241. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133241.en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.urihttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17820674
dc.description.abstractObjective: A focus on bacterial contamination has limited many studies of water service delivery in slums, with diarrheal illness being the presumed outcome of interest. We conducted a mixed methods study in a slum of 12,000 people in Mumbai, India to measure deficiencies in a broader array of water service delivery indicators and their adverse life impacts on the slum’s residents. Methods: Six focus group discussions and 40 individual qualitative interviews were conducted using purposeful sampling. Quantitative data on water indicators—quantity, access, price, reliability, and equity—were collected via a structured survey of 521 households selected using population-based random sampling. Results: In addition to negatively affecting health, the qualitative findings reveal that water service delivery failures have a constellation of other adverse life impacts—on household economy, employment, education, quality of life, social cohesion, and people’s sense of political inclusion. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, price of water is the factor most strongly associated with use of inadequate water quantity (≤20 liters per capita per day). Water service delivery failures and their adverse impacts vary based on whether households fetch water or have informal water vendors deliver it to their homes. Conclusions: Deficiencies in water service delivery are associated with many non-health-related adverse impacts on slum households. Failure to evaluate non-health outcomes may underestimate the deprivation resulting from inadequate water service delivery. Based on these findings, we outline a multidimensional definition of household “water poverty” that encourages policymakers and researchers to look beyond evaluation of water quality and health. Use of multidimensional water metrics by governments, slum communities, and researchers may help to ensure that water supplies are designed to advance a broad array of health, economic, and social outcomes for the urban poor.en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dc.relation.isversionofdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133241en
dc.relation.hasversionhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511227/pdf/en
dash.licenseLAAen_US
dc.titleMultidimensional Measurement of Household Water Poverty in a Mumbai Slum: Looking Beyond Water Qualityen
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.description.versionVersion of Recorden
dc.relation.journalPLoS ONEen
dash.depositing.authorSubbaraman, Ramnathen_US
dc.date.available2015-08-03T13:59:29Z
dash.hope.year2015en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0133241*
dash.authorsorderedfalse
dash.contributor.affiliatedSubbaraman, Ramnath
dash.contributor.affiliatedBloom, David


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