Mycobacterium avium Complex Osteomyelitis in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Case Series and Literature Review

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Author
Wood, Brian R.
Buitrago, Martha O.
Patel, Sugat
Hachey, David H.
Harrington, Robert D.
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https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofv090Metadata
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Wood, Brian R., Martha O. Buitrago, Sugat Patel, David H. Hachey, Sebastien Haneuse, and Robert D. Harrington. 2015. “Mycobacterium avium Complex Osteomyelitis in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Case Series and Literature Review.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2 (3): ofv090. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofv090.Abstract
In persons with advanced immunosuppression, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) typically causes disseminated disease with systemic symptoms. We report 2 cases in which MAC caused localized osteomyelitis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy with rising CD4 counts. We summarize 17 additional cases of HIV-associated MAC osteomyelitis from the literature and compare CD4 count at presentation for vertebral cases versus nonvertebral cases, which reveals a significantly higher CD4 at presentation for vertebral cases (median 251 cells/µL vs 50 cells/µL; P = .043; Mann–Whitney U test). The literature review demonstrates that the majority of cases of MAC osteomyelitis, especially vertebral, occurs in individuals with CD4 counts that have increased to above 100 cells/µL on antiretroviral therapy. Among HIV-infected individuals with osteomyelitis, MAC should be considered a possible etiology, particularly in the setting of immune reconstitution.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499669/pdf/Terms of Use
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