Now showing items 4512-4531 of 18256

    • Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Chemistry on Electrical Breakdown across Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Insulating Films 

      Diebold, Roger Mitchell; Gordon, Michael J.; Clarke, David R. (American Chemical Society, 2014)
      Dielectric breakdown measurements were conducted on self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/native silicon oxide hybrid dielectrics using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). By depositing silane coupling agents (SCAs) through ...
    • Effect of Streaming Motion of Baryons Relative to Dark Matter on the Formation of the First Stars 

      Stacy, Athena; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham (American Astronomical Society, 2011)
      We evaluate the effect of a supersonic relative velocity between the baryons and dark matter on the thermal and density evolution of the first gas clouds at z less than or similar to 50. Through a series of cosmological ...
    • Effect of substrate miscut on low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on Si(111) mediated by overlayers of Au: Evidence of step flow 

      Wilk, G. D.; Chervinsky, John; Spaepen, Frans; Golovchenko, Jene Andrew (AIP Publishing, 1997)
      Observations of homoepitaxialgrowth on low-angle miscut (∼0.1°) Si(111) substrates through an overlayer of Au, together with earlier results on highly miscut Si(111) surfaces, indicate that growth in this system occurs by ...
    • Effect of Succimer on Growth of Preschool Children with Moderate Blood Lead Levels. 

      Peterson, Karen E.; Salganik, Mikhail; Campbell, Carla; Rhoads, George G; Rubin, Judith; Berger, Omer; Ware, James H.; Rogan, Walter (2004)
      Growth deficits associated with lead exposure might be ameliorated by chelation. We examined the effect of succimer on growth in 780 children 12-33 months old who had blood lead levels of 20-44 microg/dL and were randomized ...
    • Effect of Surfactant Hydrophobicity on the Pathway for Unfolding of Ubiquitin 

      Shaw, Bryan F.; Schneider, Grégory F.; Whitesides, George M. (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2012)
      This paper describes the interaction between ubiquitin (UBI) and three sodium n-alkyl sulfates (SCnS) that have the same charge (Z = −1) but different hydrophobicity (n = 10, 12, or 14). Increasing the hydrophobicity of ...
    • Effect of symmetry breaking on the optical absorption of semiconductor nanoparticles 

      Gali, Adam; Kaxiras, Efthimios; Zimanyi, Gergely T.; Meng, Sheng (American Physical Society, 2011)
      The shape of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) can have an important influence on their optical absorption spectra with enhanced absorption resulting from breaking their symmetries. To illustrate this effect, we present ...
    • Effect of timing of hip extension assistance during loaded walking with a soft exosuit 

      Ding, Ye; Panizzolo, Fausto A.; Siviy, Christopher; Malcolm, Philippe; Galiana, Ignacio; Holt, Kenneth G.; Walsh, Conor J. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Recent advances in wearable robotic devices have demonstrated the ability to reduce the metabolic cost of walking by assisting the ankle joint. To achieve greater gains in the future it will be important to ...
    • Effect of Traffic Exposure on Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms among Parents/Grandparents of Preschool Children in Beijing, China 

      Li, Linyan; Adamkiewicz, Gary; Zhang, Yinping; Spengler, John D.; Qu, Fang; Sundell, Jan (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Introduction: Sick building syndrome (SBS) includes general, mucosal and skin symptoms. It is typically associated with an individual's place of work or residence. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of traffic ...
    • Effect Size Estimation for One-Sample Multiple-Choice-Type Data: Design, Analysis, and Meta-Analysis 

      Rosenthal, Robert; Rubin, Donald B. (American Psychological Association, 1989)
      This article proposes a standard, easy-to-interpret effect size estimate for one-sample research. The proportion index (*•) shows the hit rate on a scale on which .50 is always the null value regardless of the number of ...
    • Effect Sizes Why, When, and How to Use Them 

      Rosnow, RL.; Rosenthal, Robert (Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 2009)
      The effect size (ES) is the magnitude of a study outcome or research finding, such as the strength of the relationship obtained between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Two types of ES indicators are sampled ...
    • Effective field theories with instantons 

      Georgi, Howard; Osofsky, Samuel T. (Elsevier, 1994)
      We explain how nonperturbative effects can be systematically included when constructing an effective field theory. We concentrate in particular on the matching calculation, by which a low-energy theory without a heavy-particle ...
    • Effective field theory and keV lines from dark matter 

      Krall, Rebecca Ann; Reece, Matthew; Roxlo, Thomas (IOP Publishing, 2014)
      We survey operators that can lead to a keV photon line from dark matter decay or annihilation. We are motivated in part by recent claims of an unexplained 3.5 keV line in galaxy clusters and in Andromeda, but our results ...
    • Effective field theory for massive gravitons and gravity in theory space 

      Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Georgi, Howard; Schwartz, Matthew D (Elsevier BV, 2003)
      We introduce a technique for restoring general coordinate invariance into theories where it is explicitly broken. This is the analog for gravity of the Callan-Coleman-WessZumino formalism for gauge theories. We use this ...
    • Effective field theory of vacuum tilting 

      Sekhar Chivukula, R.; Georgi, Howard (American Physical Society (APS), 1998)
      Simple models of topcolor and topcolor-assisted technicolor rely on a relatively strong U(1) gauge interaction to “tilt” the vacuum. This tilting is necessary to produce a top-condensate, thereby naturally obtaining a heavy ...
    • Effective Hamiltonian for FeAs-based superconductors 

      Manousakis, Efstratios; Ren, Jun; Meng, Sheng; Kaxiras, Efthimios (American Physical Society, 2008-11-19)
      The recently discovered FeAs-based superconductors show intriguing behavior and unusual dynamics of electrons and holes which occupy the Fe d orbitals and As 4s and 4p orbitals. Starting from the atomic limit, we carry out ...
    • Effective Information Value Calculation for Interruption Management in Multi-Agent Scheduling. 

      Sarne, David; Grosz, Barbara; Owotoki, Peter (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2008)
      This paper addresses the problem of deciding effectively whether to interrupt a teammate who may have information that is valuable for solving a collaborative scheduling problem. Two characteristics of multi-agent scheduling ...
    • Effective Interactive Proofs for Higher-Order Imperative Programs 

      Chlipala, Adam J.; Malecha, Gregory Michael; Morrisett, John Gregory; Shinnar, Avraham Ever; Wisnesky, Ryan (Association for Computing Machinery, 2009)
      We present a new approach for constructing and verifying higher-order, imperative programs using the Coq proof assistant. We build on the past work on the Ynot system, which is based on Hoare Type Theory. That original ...
    • An Effective Matsusaka Big Theorem 

      Siu, Yum-Tong (Cellule MathDoc/CEDRAM, 1993)
      We prove the following effective form of Matsusaka's Big Theorem. For an ample line bundle L over a compact complex manifold X of complex dimension n with canonical line bundle K(X), the line bundle mL is very ample for m ...
    • Effective Normal Stress Alteration due to Pore Pressure Changes Induced by Dynamic Slip Propagation on a Plane Between Dissimilar Materials 

      Rudnicki, John W.; Rice, James R. (American Geophysical Union, 2006)
      Recent, detailed examinations of fault zones show that walls of faults are often bordered by materials that are different from each other and from the more uniform material farther away. In addition, they show that the ...
    • Effective Screening Due to Minihalos during the Epoch of Reionization 

      Barkana, Rennan; Loeb, Abraham (American Astronomical Society, 2002)
      We show that the gaseous halos of collapsed objects introduce a substantial cumulative opacity to ionizing radiation, even after the smoothly distributed hydrogen in the intergalactic medium has been fully reionized. This ...