Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 2449-2468 of 18292

    • The Commitment Function of Angry Facial Expressions 

      Reed, Lawrence Ian; DeScioli, Peter; Pinker, Steven (SAGE Publications, 2014)
      What function do facial expressions have? We tested the hypothesis that some expressions serve as honest signals of subjective commitments—in particular, that angry faces increase the effectiveness of threats. In an ultimatum ...

    • Common Agency and Coordination: General Theory and Application to Government Policy Making 

      Dixit, Avinash; Grossman, Gene M.; Helpman, Elhanan (University of Chicago Press, 1997)
      We develop a model of common agency with complete information and general preferences with nontransferable utility, and we prove that the principals' Nash equilibrium in truthful strategies implements an efficient action. ...

    • Common Blood Flow Changes Across Visual Tasks: I. Increases in Subcortical Structures and Cerebellum but Not in Nonvisual Cortex 

      Shulman, Gordon L.; Corbetta, Maurizio; Buckner, Randy Lee; Fiez, Julie A.; Miezin, Francis M.; Raichle, Marcus E.; Petersen, Steven E. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1997)
      Nine positron emission tomography (PET) studies of human visual information processing were reanalyzed to determine the consistency across experiments of blood flow increases during active tasks relative to passive viewing ...

    • Common Blood Flow Changes across Visual Tasks: II. Decreases in Cerebral Cortex 

      Shulman, Gordon L.; Fiez, Julie A.; Corbetta, Maurizio; Buckner, Randy Lee; Miezin, Francis M.; Raichle, Marcus E.; Petersen, Steven E. (MIT Press - Journals, 1997)
      Nine previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of human visual information processing were reanalyzed to determine the consistency across experiments of blood flow decreases during active tasks relative to passive ...

    • Common Brain Regions with Distinct Patterns of Neural Responses during Mentalizing about Groups and Individuals 

      Contreras, Juan; Schirmer, Jessica; Banaji, Mahzarin R.; Mitchell, Jason Paul (MIT Press - Journals, 2013)
      An individual has a mind; a group does not. Yet humans routinely endow groups with mental states irreducible to any of their members (e.g., “scientists hope to understand every aspect of nature”). But are these mental ...

    • A Common Framework for Theories of Norm Compliance 

      Morris, Adam; Cushman, Fiery (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2018)
      Humans often comply with social norms, but the reasons why are disputed. Here, we unify a variety of influential explanations in a common decision framework, and identify the precise cognitive variables that norms might ...

    • Common Garden Experiments Reveal Uncommon Responses across Temperatures, Locations, and Species of Ants 

      Pelini, Shannon Lynn; Diamond, Sarah E.; MacLean, Heidi; Ellison, Aaron M.; Gotelli, Nicholas J.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R. (Wiley Open Access, 2012-10-12)
      Population changes and shifts in geographic range boundaries induced by climate change have been documented for many insect species. On the basis of such studies, ecological forecasting models predict that, in the absence ...

    • Common Genetic Variants Associated With Cognitive Performance Identified Using the Proxy-Phenotype Method 

      Rietveld, C. A.; Esko, Tonu; Davies, G.; Pers, Tune H; Turley, P.; Benyamin, B.; Chabris, C. F.; Emilsson, V.; Johnson, Andrew D.; Lee, James J.; Leeuw, C. d.; Marioni, R. E.; Medland, S. E.; Miller, Michael B.; Rostapshova, Olga; van der Lee, S. J.; Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E.; Amin, N.; Conley, D.; Derringer, J.; van Duijn, C. M.; Fehrmann, R.; Franke, L.; Glaeser, E. L.; Hansell, N. K.; Hayward, C.; Iacono, W. G.; Ibrahim-Verbaas, C.; Jaddoe, V.; Karjalainen, J.; Laibson, D.; Lichtenstein, P.; Liewald, D. C.; Magnusson, P. K. E.; Martin, N. G.; McGue, M.; McMahon, G.; Pedersen, N. L.; Pinker, Steven; Porteous, D. J.; Posthuma, D.; Rivadeneira, F.; Smith, Blair H.; Starr, J. M.; Tiemeier, H.; Timpson, N. J.; Trzaskowski, M.; Uitterlinden, A. G.; Verhulst, F. C.; Ward, M. E.; Wright, M. J.; Davey Smith, G.; Deary, I. J.; Johannesson, M.; Plomin, R.; Visscher, P. M.; Benjamin, D. J.; Cesarini, D.; Koellinger, P. D. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014)
      We identify common genetic variants associated with cognitive performance using a two-stage approach, which we call the proxy-phenotype method. First, we conduct a genome-wide association study of educational attainment ...

    • Common Genetic Variation at the IL1RL1 Locus Regulates IL-33/ST2 Signaling 

      Ho, Jennifer E.; Chen, Wei-Yu; Chen, Ming-Huei; Larson, Martin G.; McCabe, Elizabeth L.; Cheng, Susan; Ghorbani, Anahita; Coglianese, Erin; Emilsson, Valur; Johnson, Andrew D.; Walter, Stefan; Franceschini, Nora; O'Donnell, Christopher Joseph; Dehghan, Abbas; Lu, Chen; Levy, Daniel; Newton-Cheh, Christopher Holmes; Lin, Honghuang; Felix, Janine F.; Schreiter, Eric R.; Vasan, Ramachandran S.; Januzzi, James Louis; Lee, Richard Theodore; Wang, Thomas (American Society for Clinical Investigation, 2013)
      The suppression of tumorigenicity 2/IL-33 (ST2/IL-33) pathway has been implicated in several immune and inflammatory diseases. ST2 is produced as 2 isoforms. The membrane-bound isoform (ST2L) induces an immune response ...

    • Common variants in signaling transcription-factor-binding sites drive phenotypic variability in red blood cell traits 

      Choudhuri, Avik; Trompouki, Eirini; Abraham, Brian J.; Colli, Leandro M.; Kock, Kian Hong; Mallard, William; Yang, Min-Lee; Vinjamur, Divya S.; Ghamari, Alireza; Sporrij, Audrey; Hoi, Karen; Hummel, Barbara; Boatman, Sonja; Chan, Victoria; Tseng, Sierra; Nandakumar, Satish K.; Yang, Song; Lichtig, Asher; Superdock, Michael; Grimes, Seraj N.; Bowman, Teresa V.; Zhou, Yi; Takahashi, Shinichiro; Joehanes, Roby; Cantor, Alan; Bauer, Daniel; Ganesh, Santhi K.; Rinn, John; Albert, Paul S.; Bulyk, Martha; Chanock, Stephen J.; Young, Richard; Zon, Leonard (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-11-23)
      Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reveal genomic variants associated with human traits and diseases. Most trait-associated variants are located within cell type-specific enhancers, but the molecular mechanism by which ...

    • Common Violence: Vengeance and Inquisition in Fourteenth-Century Marseille 

      Smail, Daniel Lord (Oxford University Press, 1996)

    • Communicable Memory and Lazy Barriers for Bulk Synchronous Parallelism in BSPk 

      Fahmy, Amr F.; Heddaya, Abdelsalam (1996)
      Communication and synchronization stand as the dual bottlenecks in the performance of parallel systems, and especially those that attempt to alleviate the programming burden by incurring overhead in these two domains. We ...

    • Communication: Exciton–phonon information flow in the energy transfer process of photosynthetic complexes 

      Rebentrost, Patrick; Aspuru-Guzik, Alan (AIP Publishing, 2011)
      Non-Markovian and nonequilibrium phonon effects are believed to be key ingredients in the energy transfer in photosynthetic complexes, especially in complexes which exhibit a regime of intermediate exciton–phonon coupling. ...

    • Community Health Workers to Improve Antenatal Care and PMTCT Uptake in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Quantitative Performance Evaluation 

      Lema, Irene A.; Sando, David; Magesa, Lucy; Machumi, Lameck; Mungure, Esther; Mwanyika Sando, Mary; Geldsetzer, Pascal; Foster, Dawn; Kajoka, Deborah; Naburi, Helga; Ekström, Anna M.; Spiegelman, Donna; Li, Nan; Chalamilla, Guerino; Fawzi, Wafaie; Bärnighausen, Till (JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2014)
      Background: Home visits by community health workers (CHW) could be effective in identifying pregnant women in the community before they have presented to the health system. CHW could thus improve the uptake of antenatal ...

    • Community Size and Network Closure 

      Mobius, Markus; Szeidl, Adam; Karlan, Dean; Allcott, Hunt; Rosenblat, Tanya (American Economic Association, 2007)

    • Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory 

      Sampson, Robert; Groves, W. Byron (University of Chicago Press, 1989)
      Shaw and McKay's influential theory of community social disorganization has never been directly tested. To address this, a community-level theory that builds on Shaw and McKay's original model is formulated and tested. The ...

    • Community Structure and the Spread of Infectious Disease in Primate Social Networks 

      Griffin, Randi Heesoo; Nunn, Charles Lindsay (Springer Netherlands, 2011)
      Living in a large social group is thought to increase disease risk in wild animal populations, but comparative studies have provided mixed support for this prediction. Here, we take a social network perspective to investigate ...

    • Community versus Market: A Note on Corporate Villages 

      Bates, Robert; Curry, Amy Farmer (Cambridge University Press, 1992)
      We return to the literature on collective villages and reexamine its central arguments. In doing so, we focus on an institution for allocating land that we call the Rule. As claimed by its advocates, the Rule secures land ...

    • Community-Based ART Programs: Sustaining Adherence and Follow-up 

      Mukherjee, Joia S.; Barry, Danika; Weatherford, Robert D.; Desai, Ishaan K.; Farmer, Paul E. (Springer US, 2016)
      The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 brought with it an urgent need to develop models of health care delivery that could enable its effective and equitable delivery, especially to patients living in poverty. ...

    • Community-level cohesion without cooperation 

      Tikhonov, Mikhail (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)
      Recent work draws attention to community-community encounters ('coalescence') as likely an important factor shaping natural ecosystems. This work builds on MacArthur’s classic model of competitive coexistence to investigate ...