Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 3857-3876 of 18292
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Direct Reciprocity on Graphs
(Elsevier, 2007)Direct reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation based on the idea of repeated encounters between the same two individuals. Here we examine direct reciprocity in structured populations, where individuals ... -
Direct Reciprocity with Costly Punishment: Generous Tit-for-Tat Prevails
(Elsevier, 2009)The standard model for direct reciprocity is the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma, where in each round players choose between cooperation and defection. Here we extend the standard framework to include costly punishment. Now ... -
Direct recognition of homology between double helices of DNA in Neurospora crassa
(2014)Chromosomal regions of identical or nearly identical DNA sequence can preferentially associate with one another in the apparent absence of DNA breakage. Molecular mechanism(s) underlying such homology-dependent pairing ... -
Direct recording and molecular identification of the calcium channel of primary cilia
(2014)Summary A primary cilium is a solitary slender non-motile protuberance of structured microtubules (9+0) enclosed by plasma membrane1. Housing components of the cell division apparatus between cell divisions, they also serve ... -
Direct Recruitment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 to Chromatin by Core Binding Transcription Factors
(Elsevier BV, 2012)Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) play key roles in developmental epigenetic regulation. Yet the mechanisms that target PRCs to specific loci in mammalian cells remain incompletely understood. In this study we show that ... -
Direct Structural Observation of a Molecular Junction by High-Energy X-Ray Reflectometry
(National Academy of Sciences, 2006)We report a direct angstrom resolution measurement of the structure of a molecular-size electronic junction comprising a single (or a double) layer of alkyl-thiol and alkyl-silane molecules at the buried interface between ... -
Direct Suppression as a Mechanism for Controlling Unpleasant Memories in Daily Life
(American Psychological Association, 2014)Suppressing unwanted memories can impair their later recall. Recent work shows that this forgetting is achieved by at least two mechanisms supported by distinct neural systems: thought substitution and direct suppression ... -
Direct top-quark decay width measurement in the t t ̄ lepton+jets channel at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018-02)This paper presents a direct measurement of the decay width of the top quark using tt ̄ events in the lepton+jets final state. The data sample was collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at ... -
Direct Transformation of 2,3-Epoxy Alcohols into Hydroxy Carbonates Under Mildly Basic Conditions
(Elsevier, 1988)2,3-Epoxy alcohols are transformed into the corresponding C2-inverted hydroxy carbonates upon treatment with cesium carbonate-powdered 3-A molecular sieves in N,N-dimethylformamide under one atmosphere of carbon dioxide ... -
Direct Versus Indirect Remedies for Externalities
(University of Chicago Press, 1976)This paper is concerned with tax policies designed to obtain an improved competitive allocation in the presence of consumption externalities. It is known that the full optimum can, in general, be attained only through the ... -
Direct visualization of electrochemical reactions and comparison of commercial carbon papers in operando by fluorescence microscopy using a quinone-based flow cell
(The Electrochemical Society, 2017-07-07)We demonstrate the use of fluorescence microscopy as a tool for mapping the spatial distribution of fluid flow and electrochemical reactions in an operating aqueous quinone flow cell. 9,10- anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic ... -
Direct visualization of quasi-ordered oxygen chain structures on Au(110)-(1×2)
(Elsevier BV, 2016)The Au(110) surface offers unique advantages for atomically-resolved model studies of catalytic oxidation processes on gold. We investigate the adsorption of oxygen on Au(110) using a combination of scanning tunneling ... -
Direct visualization of three-dimensional crystallization behavior in microgels
(American Physical Society, 2012)We use confocal microscopy to study the three-dimensional (3D) structure of colloidal crystals formed by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(acrylic acid) microgels of diameter 1.0-1.5 mu m. The confocal images are tracked to ... -
Direct Writing and Actuation of Three-Dimensionally Patterned Hydrogel Pads on Micropillar Supports
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011)Freely swelling, three-dimensionally patterned responsive hydrogels fabricated by multiphoton lithography on the tips of flexible pillars provide unique capabilities for the design of adaptive systems. The resulting materials ... -
Direct-Liquid-Evaporation Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Metal for Nanoscale Copper Interconnect Encapsulation
(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2017)In advanced microelectronics, precise design of liner and capping layers become critical, especially when it comes to the fabrication of Cu interconnects with dimensions lower than its mean free path. Herein, we demonstrate ... -
Direct-liquid-evaporation chemical vapor deposition of smooth, highly conformal cobalt and cobalt nitride thin films
(Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2015) -
Direct-Liquid-Injection Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nickel Nitride Films and Their Reduction to Nickel Films
(American Chemical Society, 2010)Smooth and continuous films of nickel nitride (NiNx) with excellent step coverage were deposited from a novel nickel amidinate precursor, Ni(MeC(NtBu)2)2, and either ammonia (NH3) or a mixture of NH3 and hydrogen (H2) gases ... -
Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertisements Can Paradoxically Increase Intentions to Adopt Lifestyle Changes
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)Background: Direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertisements are thought to induce “boomerang effects,” meaning they reduce the perceived effectiveness of a potential alternative option: non-pharmaceutical treatment ... -
Directed Altruism and Enforced Reciprocity in Social Networks
(MIT Press, 2009)We conduct online field experiments in large real-world social networks in order to decompose prosocial giving into three components: (1) baseline altruism toward randomly selected strangers, (2) directed altruism that ... -
Directed Evolution of a Small-Molecule-Triggered Intein with Improved Splicing Properties in Mammalian Cells
(Elsevier BV, 2011)Laboratory-created small-molecule-dependent inteins enable protein structure and function to be controlled post-translationally in living cells. Previously we evolved two inteins (2-4 and 3-2) that splice efficiently in ...