Now showing items 4505-4524 of 18256

    • Effect of Pressure on Arsenic Diffusion in Germanium: Evidence Against Simple Vacancy Mechanism 

      Mitha, Salman; Aziz, Michael; Schiferl, David; Poker, David B. (Trans Tech Publications, 1997)
      We have measured the effect of pressure on As diffusion in Ge. Diffusion anneals on ion-implanted samples were carried out in a high temperature diamond anvil cell using fluid argon as a clean, hydrostatic pressure medium. ...
    • Effect of Pressure on Boron Diffusion in Silicon 

      Zhao, Yuechao; Aziz, Michael; Mitha, Salman; Schiferl, David (Materials Research Society, 1997)
      We are studying the effect of pressure on boron diffusion in silicon in order to better understand the nature of the point defects responsible for diffusion. Si homoepitaxial layers delta-doped with boron were grown using ...
    • The Effect of Projection on Derived Mass-Size and Linewidth-Size Relationships 

      Shetty, Rahul; Collins, David C.; Kauffmann, Jens; Goodman, Alyssa; Rosolowsky, Erik W.; Norman, Michael L. (American Astronomical Society, 2010)
      Power-law mass-size and linewidth-size correlations, two of "Larson's laws," are often studied to assess the dynamical state of clumps within molecular clouds. Using the result of a hydrodynamic simulation of a molecular ...
    • The Effect of Providing Peer Information on Retirement Savings Decisions 

      Beshears, John Leonard; Choi, James J.; Laibson, David I.; Madrian, Brigitte; Milkman, Katherine L. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015)
      Using a field experiment in a 401(k) plan, we measure the effect of disseminating information about peer behavior on savings. Low-saving employees received simplified plan enrollment or contribution increase forms. A ...
    • Effect of quasiresonant dynamics on the predissociation of van der Waals molecules 

      Forrey, R. C.; Balakrishnan, N.; Dalgarno, A.; Haggerty, M. R.; Heller, E. J. (American Physical Society, 2001)
      Rotational and vibrational distributions of zero-temperature collisional rate coefficients for atom-diatom scattering are used together with effective range theory to obtain lifetimes for predissociation. High-order indirect ...
    • Effect of rising Asian emissions on surface ozone in the United States 

      Jacob, Daniel James; Logan, Jennifer A.; Murti, Prashant P. (Wiley-Blackwell, 1999)
      The effect of increasing fossil fuel combustion in eastern Asia on surface O3 air pollution in the United States is examined with a global three-dimensional tropospheric chemistry model. Tripling of Asian anthropogenic ...
    • Effect of Shock on the Magnetic Properties of Pyrrhotite, the Martian Crust, and Meteorites 

      Louzada, Karin L.; Stewart, Sarah; Weiss, Benjamin P. (American Geophysical Union, 2007)
      We performed planar shock recovery experiments on natural pyrrhotite at pressures up to 6.9 GPa. We find that high-field isothermal remanent magnetization in pyrrhotite is demagnetized up to 90% by shock due to preferential ...
    • Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Chemistry on Electrical Breakdown across Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Insulating Films 

      Diebold, Roger Mitchell; Gordon, Michael J.; Clarke, David R. (American Chemical Society, 2014)
      Dielectric breakdown measurements were conducted on self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/native silicon oxide hybrid dielectrics using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). By depositing silane coupling agents (SCAs) through ...
    • Effect of Streaming Motion of Baryons Relative to Dark Matter on the Formation of the First Stars 

      Stacy, Athena; Bromm, Volker; Loeb, Abraham (American Astronomical Society, 2011)
      We evaluate the effect of a supersonic relative velocity between the baryons and dark matter on the thermal and density evolution of the first gas clouds at z less than or similar to 50. Through a series of cosmological ...
    • Effect of substrate miscut on low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on Si(111) mediated by overlayers of Au: Evidence of step flow 

      Wilk, G. D.; Chervinsky, John; Spaepen, Frans; Golovchenko, Jene Andrew (AIP Publishing, 1997)
      Observations of homoepitaxialgrowth on low-angle miscut (∼0.1°) Si(111) substrates through an overlayer of Au, together with earlier results on highly miscut Si(111) surfaces, indicate that growth in this system occurs by ...
    • Effect of Succimer on Growth of Preschool Children with Moderate Blood Lead Levels. 

      Peterson, Karen E.; Salganik, Mikhail; Campbell, Carla; Rhoads, George G; Rubin, Judith; Berger, Omer; Ware, James H.; Rogan, Walter (2004)
      Growth deficits associated with lead exposure might be ameliorated by chelation. We examined the effect of succimer on growth in 780 children 12-33 months old who had blood lead levels of 20-44 microg/dL and were randomized ...
    • Effect of Surfactant Hydrophobicity on the Pathway for Unfolding of Ubiquitin 

      Shaw, Bryan F.; Schneider, Grégory F.; Whitesides, George M. (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2012)
      This paper describes the interaction between ubiquitin (UBI) and three sodium n-alkyl sulfates (SCnS) that have the same charge (Z = −1) but different hydrophobicity (n = 10, 12, or 14). Increasing the hydrophobicity of ...
    • Effect of symmetry breaking on the optical absorption of semiconductor nanoparticles 

      Gali, Adam; Kaxiras, Efthimios; Zimanyi, Gergely T.; Meng, Sheng (American Physical Society, 2011)
      The shape of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) can have an important influence on their optical absorption spectra with enhanced absorption resulting from breaking their symmetries. To illustrate this effect, we present ...
    • Effect of timing of hip extension assistance during loaded walking with a soft exosuit 

      Ding, Ye; Panizzolo, Fausto A.; Siviy, Christopher; Malcolm, Philippe; Galiana, Ignacio; Holt, Kenneth G.; Walsh, Conor J. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Recent advances in wearable robotic devices have demonstrated the ability to reduce the metabolic cost of walking by assisting the ankle joint. To achieve greater gains in the future it will be important to ...
    • Effect of Traffic Exposure on Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms among Parents/Grandparents of Preschool Children in Beijing, China 

      Li, Linyan; Adamkiewicz, Gary; Zhang, Yinping; Spengler, John D.; Qu, Fang; Sundell, Jan (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Introduction: Sick building syndrome (SBS) includes general, mucosal and skin symptoms. It is typically associated with an individual's place of work or residence. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of traffic ...
    • Effect Size Estimation for One-Sample Multiple-Choice-Type Data: Design, Analysis, and Meta-Analysis 

      Rosenthal, Robert; Rubin, Donald B. (American Psychological Association, 1989)
      This article proposes a standard, easy-to-interpret effect size estimate for one-sample research. The proportion index (*•) shows the hit rate on a scale on which .50 is always the null value regardless of the number of ...
    • Effect Sizes Why, When, and How to Use Them 

      Rosnow, RL.; Rosenthal, Robert (Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 2009)
      The effect size (ES) is the magnitude of a study outcome or research finding, such as the strength of the relationship obtained between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Two types of ES indicators are sampled ...
    • Effective field theories with instantons 

      Georgi, Howard; Osofsky, Samuel T. (Elsevier, 1994)
      We explain how nonperturbative effects can be systematically included when constructing an effective field theory. We concentrate in particular on the matching calculation, by which a low-energy theory without a heavy-particle ...
    • Effective field theory and keV lines from dark matter 

      Krall, Rebecca Ann; Reece, Matthew; Roxlo, Thomas (IOP Publishing, 2014)
      We survey operators that can lead to a keV photon line from dark matter decay or annihilation. We are motivated in part by recent claims of an unexplained 3.5 keV line in galaxy clusters and in Andromeda, but our results ...
    • Effective field theory for massive gravitons and gravity in theory space 

      Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Georgi, Howard; Schwartz, Matthew D (Elsevier BV, 2003)
      We introduce a technique for restoring general coordinate invariance into theories where it is explicitly broken. This is the analog for gravity of the Callan-Coleman-WessZumino formalism for gauge theories. We use this ...