Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 5376-5395 of 18276

    • Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy 

      Bozic, Ivana; Reiter, Johannes G; Allen, Benjamin; Antal, Tibor; Chatterjee, Krishnendu; Shah, Preya; Moon, Yo Sup; Yaqubie, Amin; Kelly, Nicole; Le, Dung T; Lipson, Evan J; Chapman, Paul B; Diaz, Luis A; Vogelstein, Bert; Nowak, Martin A (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2013)
      In solid tumors, targeted treatments can lead to dramatic regressions, but responses are often short-lived because resistant cancer cells arise. The major strategy proposed for overcoming resistance is combination therapy. ...

    • Evolutionary Dynamics of Intron Size, Genome Size, and Physiological Correlates in Archosaurs 

      Waltari, Eric; Edwards, Scott (University of Chicago Press, 2002)
      It has been proposed that intron and genome sizes in birds are reduced in comparison with mammals because of the metabolic demands of flight. To test this hypothesis, we examined the sizes of 14 introns in a nonflying ...

    • Evolutionary Dynamics on Graphs: Efficient Method for Weak Selection 

      Fu, Feng; Wang, Long; Nowak, Martin A.; Hauert, Christoph (American Physical Society, 2009)
      Investigating the evolutionary dynamics of game theoretical interactions in populations where individuals are arranged on a graph can be challenging in terms of computation time. Here, we propose an efficient method to ...

    • Evolutionary dynamics with fluctuating population sizes and strong mutualism 

      Chotibut, Thiparat; Nelson, David R. (American Physical Society (APS), 2015)
      Game theory ideas provide a useful framework for studying evolutionary dynamics in a well-mixed environment. This approach, however, typically enforces a strictly fixed overall population size, deemphasizing natural growth ...

    • Evolutionary Entropy Determines Invasion Success in Emergent Epidemics 

      Rhodes, Christopher J.; Demetrius, Lloyd A. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Standard epidemiological theory claims that in structured populations competition between multiple pathogen strains is a deterministic process which is mediated by the basic reproduction number (R0) of the ...

    • Evolutionary Entropy: A Predictor of Body Size, Metabolic Rate and Maximal Life Span 

      Demetrius, Lloyd A.; Legendre, Stéphane; Harremöes, Peter (Springer-Verlag, 2009)
      Body size of organisms spans 24 orders of magnitude, and metabolic rate and life span present comparable differences across species. This article shows that this variation can be explained in terms of evolutionary entropy, ...

    • An Evolutionary Explanation for Ineffective Altruism 

      Burum, Bethany; Nowak, Martin A.; Hoffman, Moshe (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-10-12)
      We donate billions to charities each year, yet much of our giving is ineffective. Why are we motivated to give but not to give effectively? Building on evolutionary game theory, we argue that donors evolved (genetically ...

    • Evolutionary Game Dynamics in Finite Populations 

      Taylor, Christine Jiayou; Fudenberg, Drew; Sasaki, Akira; Nowak, Martin A. (Springer Verlag, 2004)
      We introduce a model of stochastic evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations which is similar to the familiar replicator dynamics for infinite populations. Our focus is on the conditions for selection favoring the ...

    • Evolutionary Game Dynamics with Non-Uniform Interaction Rates 

      Taylor, Christine Jiayou; Nowak, Martin A. (Elsevier, 2006)
      The classical setting of evolutionary game theory, the replicator equation, assumes uniform interaction rates. The rate at which individuals meet and interact is independent of their strategies. Here we extend this framework ...

    • Evolutionary Games on Cycles 

      Ohtsuki, Hisashi; Nowak, Martin A. (Royal Society, The, 2006)
      Traditional evolutionary game theory explores frequency-dependent selection in well-mixed populations without spatial or stochastic effects. But recently there has been much interest in studying the evolutionary game ...

    • Evolutionary innovation and conservation in the embryonic derivation of the vertebrate skull 

      Piekarski, Nadine; Gross, Joshua B.; Hanken, James (Nature Publishing Group, 2014)
      Development of the vertebrate skull has been studied intensively for more than 150 years, yet many essential features remain unresolved. One such feature is the extent to which embryonic derivation of individual bones is ...

    • Evolutionary Novelty in a Butterfly Wing Pattern through Enhancer Shuffling 

      Wallbank, Richard W. R.; Baxter, Simon W.; Pardo-Diaz, Carolina; Hanly, Joseph J.; Martin, Simon H.; Mallet, James; Dasmahapatra, Kanchon K.; Salazar, Camilo; Joron, Mathieu; Nadeau, Nicola; McMillan, W. Owen; Jiggins, Chris D. (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2016)
      An important goal in evolutionary biology is to understand the genetic changes underlying novel morphological structures. We investigated the origins of a complex wing pattern found among Amazonian Heliconius butterflies. ...

    • Evolutionary Origins of Gondwanan Interactions: How Old Are Araucaria Beetle Herbivores? 

      Farrell, Brian; Sequeira, Andrea S. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2001-12)
      Studies of a variety of phenomena, ranging from rates of molecular substitution to rates of diversification, draw on estimates of geological age. Studies incorporating estimates of timing from fossils or other geological ...

    • The Evolutionary Origins of Human Patience: Temporal Preferences in Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Human Adults 

      Rosati, Alexandra G.; Stevens, Jeffrey R.; Hare, Brian; Hauser, Marc (Cell Press, 2007)
      To make adaptive choices, individuals must sometimes exhibit patience, forgoing immediate benefits to acquire more valuable future rewards. Although humans account for future consequences when making temporal decisions, ...

    • Evolutionary Origins of the Endowment Effect: Evidence from Hunter-Gatherers 

      Apicella, Coren; Azevedo, Eduardo M.; Christakis, Nicholas; Fowler, James H. (American Economic Association, 2014)
      The endowment effect, the tendency to value possessions more than non-possessions, is a well known departure from rational choice and has been replicated in numerous settings. We investigate the universality of the endowment ...

    • Evolutionary Perspectives on Pregnancy 

      Haig, David Addison (Elsevier BV, 2013)

    • Evolutionary principles of modular gene regulation in yeasts 

      Thompson, Dawn A; Roy, Sushmita; Chan, Michelle; Styczynsky, Mark P; Pfiffner, Jenna; French, Courtney; Socha, Amanda; Thielke, Anne; Napolitano, Sara; Muller, Paul; Kellis, Manolis; Konieczka, Jay H; Wapinski, Ilan; Regev, Aviv (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2013)
      Divergence in gene regulation can play a major role in evolution. Here, we used a phylogenetic framework to measure mRNA profiles in 15 yeast species from the phylum Ascomycota and reconstruct the evolution of their modular ...

    • Evolutionary Radiation of an Inbreeding Haplodiploid Beetle Lineage (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) 

      Farrell, Brian; Jordal, Bjarte H.; Normark, Benjamin B. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2000-11)

    • The Evolutionary Social Psychology of Off-record Indirect Speech Acts 

      Pinker, Steven (Walter de Gruyter, 2007)
      This paper proposes a new analysis of indirect speech in the framework of game theory, social psychology, and evolutionary psychology. It builds on the theory of Grice, which tries to ground indirect speech in pure rationality ...

    • Evolutionary Stability on Graphs 

      Ohtsuki, Hisashi; Nowak, Martin A. (Elsevier, 2008)
      Evolutionary stability is a fundamental concept in evolutionary game theory. A strategy is called an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), if its monomorphic population rejects the invasion of any other mutant strategy. ...