Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by FAS Department "Organismic and Evolutionary Biology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 1269
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16S rRNA Phylogenetic Investigation of the Candidate Division "Korarchaeota"
(American Society for Microbiology, 2006)The environmental distribution and phylogeny of “Korarchaeota,” a proposed ancient archaeal division, was investigated by using the 16S rRNA gene framework. Korarchaeota-specific primers were designed based on previously ... -
9-Genes Reinforce the Phylogeny of Holometabola and Yield Alternate Views on the Phylogenetic Placement of Strepsiptera
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: The extraordinary morphology, reproductive and developmental biology, and behavioral ecology of twisted wing parasites (order Strepsiptera) have puzzled biologists for centuries. Even today, the phylogenetic ... -
Ablation of a Single Cell From Eight-cell Embryos of the Amphipod Crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis
(MyJove Corporation, 2014)The amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis is a small crustacean found in intertidal marine habitats worldwide. Over the past decade, Parhyale has emerged as a promising model organism for laboratory studies of development, providing ... -
Accelerating Neoproterozoic research through scientific drilling
(Copernicus GmbH, 2015) -
Accessible Mutational Trajectories for the Evolution of Pyrimethamine Resistance in the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Vivax
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2013)Antifolate antimalarials, such as pyrimethamine, have experienced a dramatic reduction in therapeutic efficacy as resistance has evolved in multiple malaria species. We present evidence from one such species, Plasmodium ... -
Accuracy of gastrocnemius muscles forces in walking and running goats predicted by one-element and two-element Hill-type models
(Elsevier BV, 2013)Hill-type models are commonly used to estimate muscle forces during human and animal movement —yet the accuracy of the forces estimated during walking, running, and other tasks remains largely unknown. Further, most ... -
Acritarchs and Microfossils from the Mesoproterozoic Bangemall Group, Northwestern Australia
(Paleontological Society, 1999)Three microfossil assemblages occur in the Mesoproterozoic Bangemall Group (1625-1000 Ma) of northwestern Australia, each occupying a different environmental and taphonomic setting. In peritidal environments, benthic ... -
Adaptation and Diversification on Islands
(Nature Publishing Group, 2009)Charles Darwin's travels on HMS <i>Beagle</i> taught him that islands are an important source of evidence for evolution. Because many islands are young and have relatively few species, evolutionary adaptation and species ... -
Adaptive basis of geographic variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental differences among beach mouse populations
(The Royal Society, 2009)A major goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how and why populations differentiate, both genetically and phenotypically, as they invade a novel habitat. A classical example of adaptation is the pale colour of beach ... -
Adaptive Evolution of Fertilization Proteins within a Genus: Variation in ZP2 and ZP3 in Deer Mice (Peromyscus)
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2006)Rapid evolution of reproductive proteins has been documented in a wide variety of taxa. In internally fertilized species, knowledge about the evolutionary dynamics of these proteins between closely related taxa is primarily ... -
Adaptive Evolution of Multiple Traits Through Multiple Mutations at a Single Gene
(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2013)The identification of precise mutations is required for a complete understanding of the underlying molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving adaptive phenotypic change. Using plasticine models in the field, we show ... -
Adaptive Landscapes and Protein Evolution
(National Academy of Sciences, 2010)The principles governing protein evolution under strong selection are important because of the recent history of evolved resistance to insecticides, antibiotics, and vaccines. One experimental approach focuses on studies ... -
Adaptive Radiation, Ecological Opportunity, and Evolutionary Determinism
(University of Chicago, 2010)Adaptive radiation refers to diversification from an ancestral species that produces descendants adapted to use a great variety of distinct ecological niches. In this review, I examine two aspects of adaptive radiation: ... -
Adaptive Radiation: Contrasting Theory with Data
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2009)Biologists have long been fascinated by the exceptionally high diversity displayed by some evolutionary groups. Adaptive radiation in such clades is not only spectacular, but is also an extremely complex process influenced ... -
Adaptive Reptile Color Variation and the Evolution of the MC1R Gene
(The Society for the Study of Evolution, 2004)The wealth of information on the genetics of pigmentation and the clear fitness consequences of many pigmentation phenotypes provide an opportunity to study the molecular basis of an ecologically important trait. The ... -
The adaptive variant EDARV370A is associated with straight hair in East Asians
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2013)Hair straightness/curliness is a highly heritable trait amongst human populations. Previous studies have reported European specific genetic variants influencing hair straightness, but those in East Asians remain unknown. ... -
Adaptive Variation in Beach Mice Produced by Two Interacting Pigmentation Genes
(Public Library of Science, 2007)Little is known about the genetic basis of ecologically important morphological variation such as the diverse color patterns of mammals. Here we identify genetic changes contributing to an adaptive difference in color ... -
Added Mass in Rat Plantaris Muscle Causes a Reduction in Mechanical Work
(The Company of Biologists, 2020-07-31)Most of what we know about whole muscle behaviour comes from experiments on single fibres or small muscles that are scaled up in size without considering the effects of the additional muscle mass. Previous modelling studies ... -
Admixture Determines Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation in the Biological Invasion of a Lizard Species
(The Royal Society, 2008)Molecular genetic analyses show that introduced populations undergoing biological invasions often bring together individuals from genetically disparate native-range source populations, which can elevate genotypic variation ... -
Advanced Vascular Function Discovered in a Widespread Moss
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-03-09)The evolution of terrestrial plants capable of growing upwards into the dry atmosphere profoundly transformed Earth. A transition from small “non-vascular” bryophytes to arborescent vascular plants during the Devonian ...