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Aquatic and terrestrial takeoffs require different hindlimb kinematics and muscle function in mallard ducks
(The Company of Biologists, 2020-06-25)
Mallard ducks are capable of performing a wide range of behaviors including nearly vertical takeoffs from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The hindlimb plays a key role during takeoffs from both media. However, because ...
The Evolution of Imprinted microRNAs and Their RNA Targets
(MDPI AG, 2020-09-03)
Mammalian genomes contain many imprinted microRNAs. When an imprinted miRNA targets an unimprinted mRNA their interaction may have different fitness consequences for the loci encoding the miRNA and mRNA. In one possible ...
Functional morphology of the ankle extensor muscle‐tendon units in the springhare Pedetes capensis shows convergent evolution with macropods for bipedal hopping locomotion
(Wiley, 2020-06-25)
This study assesses the functional morphology of the ankle extensor muscle-tendon units of the springhare Pedetes capensis, an African bipedal hopping rodent, to test for convergent evolution with the Australian bipedal ...
Embryo Selection and Mate Choice: Can ‘Honest Signals’ Be Trusted?
(Elsevier BV, 2020-04)
When a measure becomes a target, it often ceases to be a good measure – an effect familiar from the declining usefulness of standardized testing in schools. This economic principle also applies to mate choice and, perhaps ...
Lower-Limb Muscle Function Is Influenced by Changing Mechanical Demands in Cycling
(The Company of Biologists, 2020-12-29)
Although cycling is often considered a seemingly simple, reciprocal task, muscles must adapt their function to satisfy changes in mechanical demands induced by higher crank torques and faster pedalling cadences. We examined ...
Modeling muscle function using experimentally determined subject-specific muscle properties
(Elsevier BV, 2021-03)
Muscle models are commonly based on intrinsic properties pooled across a number of individuals, often from a different species, and rarely validated against directly measured muscle forces. Here we use a rich data set of ...
Guido Guidotti - A Life
(2021-07-30)
Diverse Populations are Conflated with Heterogeneous Collectives
(Philosophy Documentation Center, 2021)
The concept of difference has a long and important research tradition. We identify and explicate a heretofore overlooked distinction in the meaning and measurement of two different meanings ‘difference’: ‘diversity’ and ...
A Unified Framework of Direct and Indirect Reciprocity
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-05-13)
Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for evolution of cooperation. Direct reciprocity means individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate with another person. Indirect reciprocity means ...
Added Mass in Rat Plantaris Muscle Causes a Reduction in Mechanical Work
(The Company of Biologists, 2020-07-31)
Most of what we know about whole muscle behaviour comes from experiments on single fibres or small muscles that are scaled up in size without considering the effects of the additional muscle mass. Previous modelling studies ...