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Anticipation of Monetary Reward Can Attenuate the Vigilance Decrement
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Motivation and reward can have differential effects on separate aspects of sustained attention. We previously demonstrated that continuous reward/punishment throughout a sustained attention task improves overall performance, ...
Modeling the Role of Networks and Individual Differences in Inter-Group Violence
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
There is significant heterogeneity within and between populations in their propensity to engage in conflict. Most research has neglected the role of within-group effects in social networks in contributing to between-group ...
Gender Differences in Sustained Attentional Control Relate to Gender Inequality across Countries
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Sustained attentional control is critical for everyday tasks and success in school and employment. Understanding gender differences in sustained attentional control, and their potential sources, is an important goal of ...
Executive Function, Visual Attention and the Cocktail Party Problem in Musicians and Non-Musicians
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
The goal of this study was to investigate how cognitive factors influence performance in a multi-talker, “cocktail-party” like environment in musicians and non-musicians. This was achieved by relating performance in a ...
When Does Model-Based Control Pay Off?
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Many accounts of decision making and reinforcement learning posit the existence of two distinct systems that control choice: a fast, automatic system and a slow, deliberative system. Recent research formalizes this distinction ...
Plans, Habits, and Theory of Mind
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Human success and even survival depends on our ability to predict what others will do by guessing what they are thinking. If I accelerate, will he yield? If I propose, will she accept? If I confess, will they forgive? ...
Normalized Neural Representations of Complex Odors
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
The olfactory system removes correlations in natural odors using a network of inhibitory neurons in the olfactory bulb. It has been proposed that this network integrates the response from all olfactory receptors and inhibits ...
The Kinematics of Plant Nutation Reveals a Simple Relation between Curvature and the Orientation of Differential Growth
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Nutation is an oscillatory movement that plants display during their development. Despite its ubiquity among plants movements, the relation between the observed movement and the underlying biological mechanisms remains ...
Awake, Offline Processing during Associative Learning
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Offline processing has been shown to strengthen memory traces and enhance learning in the absence of conscious rehearsal or awareness. Here we evaluate whether a brief, two-minute offline processing period can boost ...
Effects of Non-Symbolic Approximate Number Practice on Symbolic Numerical Abilities in Pakistani Children
(Public Library of Science, 2016)
Current theories of numerical cognition posit that uniquely human symbolic number abilities connect to an early developing cognitive system for representing approximate numerical magnitudes, the approximate number system ...