Duality of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Mcp-1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle: A Potential Role of 4-Hydroxy Hexenal
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Nagayama, Kohji
Morino, Katsutaro
Sekine, Osamu
Nakagawa, Fumiyuki
Iwasaki, Hirotaka
Okada, Takashi
Tawa, Masashi
Sato, Daisuke
Imamura, Takeshi
Nishio, Yoshihiko
Ugi, Satoshi
Kashiwagi, Atsunori
Okamura, Tomio
Maegawa, Hiroshi
Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors.
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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095381Metadata
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Nagayama, K., K. Morino, O. Sekine, F. Nakagawa, A. Ishikado, H. Iwasaki, T. Okada, et al. 2015. “Duality of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Mcp-1 Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle: A Potential Role of 4-Hydroxy Hexenal.” Nutrients 7 (9): 8112-8126. doi:10.3390/nu7095381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7095381.Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have protective effects against atherosclerosis. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 is a major inflammatory mediator in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the regulation of Mcp-1 by DHA and EPA in vessels and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we compared the effect of DHA and EPA on the expression of Mcp-1 in rat arterial strips and rat VSMCs. DHA, but not EPA, suppressed Mcp-1 expression in arterial strips. Furthermore, DHA generated 4-hydroxy hexenal (4-HHE), an end product of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in arterial strips as measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, 4-HHE treatment suppressed Mcp-1 expression in arterial strips, suggesting 4-HHE derived from DHA may be involved in the mechanism of this phenomenon. In contrast, Mcp-1 expression was stimulated by DHA, EPA and 4-HHE through p38 kinase and the Keap1-Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway in VSMCs. In conclusion, there is a dual effect of n-3 PUFAs on the regulation of Mcp-1 expression. Further study is necessary to elucidate the pathological role of this phenomenon.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586576/pdf/Terms of Use
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