Global Phylogenomic Analysis of Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae Reveals a Deep-Branching Classic Lineage That Is Distinct from Multiple Sporadic Lineages
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Author
Hilty, Markus
Wüthrich, Daniel
Salter, Susannah J.
Engel, Hansjürg
Campbell, Samuel
Sá-Leão, Raquel
de Lencastre, Hermínia
Hermans, Peter
Sadowy, Ewa
Turner, Paul
Chewapreecha, Claire
Diggle, Mathew
Pluschke, Gerd
McGee, Lesley
Köseoğlu Eser, Özgen
Low, Donald E.
Smith-Vaughan, Heidi
Endimiani, Andrea
Küffer, Marianne
Dupasquier, Mélanie
Beaudoing, Emmanuel
Weber, Johann
Bruggmann, Rémy
Parkhill, Julian
Hathaway, Lucy J.
Mühlemann, Kathrin
Bentley, Stephen D.
Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors.
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https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu263Metadata
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Hilty, M., D. Wüthrich, S. J. Salter, H. Engel, S. Campbell, R. Sá-Leão, H. de Lencastre, et al. 2014. “Global Phylogenomic Analysis of Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae Reveals a Deep-Branching Classic Lineage That Is Distinct from Multiple Sporadic Lineages.” Genome Biology and Evolution 6 (12): 3281-3294. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu263.Abstract
The surrounding capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been identified as a major virulence factor and is targeted by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). However, nonencapsulated S. pneumoniae (non-Ec-Sp) have also been isolated globally, mainly in carriage studies. It is unknown if non-Ec-Sp evolve sporadically, if they have high antibiotic nonsusceptiblity rates and a unique, specific gene content. Here, whole-genome sequencing of 131 non-Ec-Sp isolates sourced from 17 different locations around the world was performed. Results revealed a deep-branching classic lineage that is distinct from multiple sporadic lineages. The sporadic lineages clustered with a previously sequenced, global collection of encapsulated S. pneumoniae (Ec-Sp) isolates while the classic lineage is comprised mainly of the frequently identified multilocus sequences types (STs) ST344 (n = 39) and ST448 (n = 40). All ST344 and nine ST448 isolates had high nonsusceptiblity rates to β-lactams and other antimicrobials. Analysis of the accessory genome reveals that the classic non-Ec-Sp contained an increased number of mobile elements, than Ec-Sp and sporadic non-Ec-Sp. Performing adherence assays to human epithelial cells for selected classic and sporadic non-Ec-Sp revealed that the presence of a integrative conjugative element (ICE) results in increased adherence to human epithelial cells (P = 0.005). In contrast, sporadic non-Ec-Sp lacking the ICE had greater growth in vitro possibly resulting in improved fitness. In conclusion, non-Ec-Sp isolates from the classic lineage have evolved separately. They have spread globally, are well adapted to nasopharyngeal carriage and are able to coexist with Ec-Sp. Due to continued use of PCV, non-Ec-Sp may become more prevalent.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986459/pdf/Terms of Use
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