Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

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Author
Okbay, Aysu
Beauchamp, Jonathan P.
Fontana, Mark A.
Lee, James J.
Rietveld, Cornelius A.
Turley, Patrick
Chen, Guo-Bo
Emilsson, Valur
Meddens, S. Fleur W.
Oskarsson, Sven
Pickrell, Joseph K.
Thom, Kevin
Timshel, Pascal
de Vlaming, Ronald
Abdellaoui, Abdel
Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.
Bacelis, Jonas
Baumbach, Clemens
Bjornsdottir, Gyda
Brandsma, Johannes H.
Concas, Maria Pina
Derringer, Jaime
Furlotte, Nicholas A.
Galesloot, Tessel E.
Girotto, Giorgia
Gupta, Richa
Hall, Leanne M.
Harris, Sarah E.
Hofer, Edith
Horikoshi, Momoko
Huffman, Jennifer E.
Kaasik, Kadri
Kalafati, Ioanna P.
Karlsson, Robert
Kong, Augustine
Lahti, Jari
van der Lee, Sven J.
de Leeuw, Christiaan
Lind, Penelope A.
Lindgren, Karl-Oskar
Liu, Tian
Mangino, Massimo
Marten, Jonathan
Mihailov, Evelin
Miller, Michael B.
van der Most, Peter J.
Oldmeadow, Christopher
Payton, Antony
Pervjakova, Natalia
Peyrot, Wouter J.
Qian, Yong
Raitakari, Olli
Rueedi, Rico
Salvi, Erika
Schmidt, Börge
Schraut, Katharina E.
Shi, Jianxin
Smith, Albert V.
Poot, Raymond A.
Pourcain, Beate
Teumer, Alexander
Thorleifsson, Gudmar
Verweij, Niek
Vuckovic, Dragana
Wellmann, Juergen
Yang, Jingyun
Zhao, Wei
Zhu, Zhihong
Alizadeh, Behrooz Z.
Amin, Najaf
Bakshi, Andrew
Baumeister, Sebastian E.
Biino, Ginevra
Bønnelykke, Klaus
Boyle, Patricia A.
Campbell, Harry
Cappuccio, Francesco P.
Davies, Gail
De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel
Deloukas, Panos
Demuth, Ilja
Ding, Jun
Eibich, Peter
Eisele, Lewin
Eklund, Niina
Evans68, David M.
Faul, Jessica D.
Feitosa, Mary F.
Forstner, Andreas J.
Gandin, Ilaria
Gunnarsson, Bjarni
Halldórsson, Bjarni V.
Harris, Tamara B.
Heath, Andrew C.
Hocking, Lynne J.
Holliday, Elizabeth G.
Homuth, Georg
Horan, Michael A.
Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
Joshi, Peter K.
Jugessur, Astanand
Kaakinen, Marika A.
Kähönen, Mika
Kanoni, Stavroula
Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa
Kiemeney, Lambertus A.L.M.
Kolcic, Ivana
Koskinen, Seppo
Kraja, Aldi T.
Kroh, Martin
Kutalik, Zoltan
Latvala, Antti
Launer, Lenore J.
Lebreton, Maël P.
Levinson, Douglas F.
Lichtenstein, Paul
Lichtner, Peter
Liewald, David C.M.
Loukola, Anu
Madden, Pamela A.
Mägi, Reedik
Mäki-Opas, Tomi
Marioni, Riccardo E.
Marques-Vidal, Pedro
Meddens, Gerardus A.
McMahon, George
Meisinger, Christa
Meitinger, Thomas
Milaneschi, Yusplitri
Milani, Lili
Montgomery, Grant W.
Myhre, Ronny
Nelson, Christopher P.
Nyholt, Dale R.
Ollier, William E.R.
Paternoster, Lavinia
Pedersen, Nancy L.
Petrovic, Katja E.
Porteous, David J.
Räikkönen, Katri
Ring, Susan M.
Robino, Antonietta
Rostapshova, Olga
Rudan, Igor
Rustichini, Aldo
Salomaa, Veikko
Sanders, Alan R.
Sarin, Antti-Pekka
Schmidt, Helena
Scott, Rodney J.
Smith, Blair H.
Smith, Jennifer A.
Staessen, Jan A.
Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth
Strauch, Konstantin
Terracciano, Antonio
Tobin, Martin D.
Ulivi, Sheila
Vaccargiu, Simona
Quaye, Lydia
van Rooij, Frank J.A.
Venturini, Cristina
Vinkhuyzen, Anna A.E.
Völker, Uwe
Völzke, Henry
Vonk, Judith M.
Vozzi, Diego
Waage, Johannes
Ware, Erin B.
Willemsen, Gonneke
Attia, John R.
Bennett, David A.
Berger, Klaus
Bertram, Lars
Bisgaard, Hans
Boomsma, Dorret I.
Borecki, Ingrid B.
Bultmann, Ute
Chabris, Christopher F.
Cucca, Francesco
Cusi, Daniele
Deary, Ian J.
Dedoussis, George V.
van Duijn, Cornelia M.
Eriksson, Johan G.
Franke, Barbara
Franke, Lude
Gasparini, Paolo
Gejman, Pablo V.
Gieger, Christian
Grabe, Hans-Jörgen
Gratten, Jacob
Groenen, Patrick J.F.
Gudnason, Vilmundur
van der Harst, Pim
Hayward, Caroline
Hinds, David A.
Hoffmann, Wolfgang
Hyppönen, Elina
Iacono, William G.
Jacobsson, Bo
Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta
Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
Kaprio, Jaakko
Kardia, Sharon L.R.
Lehtimäki, Terho
Lehrer, Steven F.
Magnusson, Patrik K.E.
Martin, Nicholas G.
McGue, Matt
Metspalu, Andres
Pendleton, Neil
Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.
Perola, Markus
Pirastu, Nicola
Pirastu, Mario
Polasek, Ozren
Posthuma, Danielle
Power, Christine
Province, Michael A.
Samani, Nilesh J.
Schlessinger, David
Schmidt, Reinhold
Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.
Spector, Tim D.
Stefansson, Kari
Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
Thurik, A. Roy
Timpson, Nicholas J.
Tiemeier, Henning
Tung, Joyce Y.
Uitterlinden, André G.
Vitart, Veronique
Vollenweider, Peter
Weir, David R.
Wilson, James F.
Wright, Alan F.
Conley, Dalton C.
Krueger, Robert F.
Smith, George Davey
Hofman, Albert
Medland, Sarah E.
Meyer, Michelle N.
Yang, Jian
Johannesson, Magnus
Visscher, Peter M.
Koellinger, Philipp D.
Cesarini, David
Benjamin, Daniel J.
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https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17671Metadata
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Okbay, A., J. P. Beauchamp, M. A. Fontana, J. J. Lee, T. H. Pers, C. A. Rietveld, P. Turley, et al. 2016. “Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment.” Nature 533 (7604): 539-542. doi:10.1038/nature17671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17671.Abstract
Summary Educational attainment (EA) is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are also estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals1. We report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for EA that extends our earlier discovery sample1,2 of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We now identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioral phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because EA is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric disease.Other Sources
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4883595/pdf/Terms of Use
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