Neural Processing of Repetition and Non-Repetition Grammars in 7- and 9-Month-Old Infants
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60555-2Metadata
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Wagner, Jennifer B., Sharon E. Fox, Helen Tager-Flusberg, and Charles A. Nelson. 2011. “Neural Processing of Repetition and Non-Repetition Grammars in 7- and 9-Month-Old Infants.” Frontiers in Psychology 2. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00168.Abstract
An essential aspect of infant language development involves the extraction of meaningfulinformation from a continuous stream of auditory input. Studies have identified early abilities
to differentiate auditory input along various dimensions, including the presence or absence
of structural regularities. In newborn infants, frontal and temporal regions were found to
respond differentially to these regularities (Gervain et al., 2008), and in order to examine the
development of this abstract rule learning we presented 7- and 9-month-old infants with syllables
containing an ABB pattern (e.g., “balolo”) or an ABC pattern (e.g., “baloti”) and measured
activity in left and right lateral brain regions using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). While prior
newborn work found increases in oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) activity in response to ABB blocks
as compared to ABC blocks in anterior regions, 7- and 9-month-olds showed no differentiation
between grammars in oxyHb. However, changes in deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) pointed to a
developmental shift, whereby 7-month-olds showed deoxyHb responding significantly different
from zero for ABB blocks, but not ABC blocks, and 9-month-olds showed the opposite pattern,
with deoxyHb responding significantly different from zero for the ABC blocks but not the ABB
blocks. DeoxyHb responses were more pronounced over anterior regions. A grammar by time
interaction also illustrated that during the early blocks, deoxyHb was significantly greater to
ABC than in later blocks, but there was no change in ABB activation over time. The shift from
stronger activation to ABB in newborns (Gervain et al., 2008) and 7-month-olds in the present
study to stronger activation to ABC by 9-month-olds here is discussed in terms of changes in
stimulus salience and novelty preference over the first year of life. The present discussion also
highlights the importance of future work exploring the coupling between oxyHb and deoxyHb
activation in infant NIRS studies.
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