One hundred years ago the eminent British economist Arthur Pigou identified the problem of externalities, of a business not absorbing all of the costs associated with the goods or services it produced and sold. Classic ...

After four decades of rapid economic growth, China has become the world's second-largest economy and established intricate trade ties with the rest of the world. Nonetheless, China's financial integration is still in its ...

Government regulations can impose significant costs on businesses that are then passed onto consumers in higher prices. This paper considers the different approaches that the UK and other governments have adopted to try ...

For most of the 20th century, inequality in GDP per capita between UK regions – while not insignificant – was relatively low by European standards (Rosés and Wolf 2018). In the 1980s and 1990s, however, regional economic ...