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dc.contributor.authorHwang, Eun Jung
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Maurice A
dc.contributor.authorShadmehr, Reza
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-09T13:16:28Z
dc.date.issued2006
dc.identifier.citationHwang, Eun Jung, Maurice Smith, and Reza Shadmehr. 2006. Dissociable effects of the implicit and explicit memory systems on learning control of reaching. Experimental Brain Research 174(3): 425-437.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0014-4819en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3874486
dc.description.abstractAdaptive control of reaching depends on internal models that associate states in which the limb experienced a force perturbation with motor commands that can compensate for it. Limb state can be sensed via both vision and proprioception. However, adaptation of reaching in novel dynamics results in generalization in the intrinsic coordinates of the limb, suggesting that the proprioceptive states in which the limb was perturbed dominate representation of limb state. To test this hypothesis, we considered a task where position of the hand during a reach was correlated with patterns of force perturbation. This correlation could be sensed via vision, proprioception, or both. As predicted, when the correlations could be sensed only via proprioception, learning was significantly better as compared to when the correlations could only be sensed through vision. We found that learning with visual correlations resulted in subjects who could verbally describe the patterns of perturbations but this awareness was never observed in subjects who learned the task with only proprioceptive correlations. We manipulated the relative values of the visual and proprioceptive parameters and found that the probability of becoming aware strongly depended on the correlations that subjects could visually observe. In all conditions, aware subjects demonstrated a small but significant advantage in their ability to adapt their motor commands. Proprioceptive correlations produced an internal model that strongly influenced reaching performance yet did not lead to awareness. Visual correlations strongly increased the probability of becoming aware, yet had a much smaller but still significant effect on reaching performance. Therefore, practice resulted in acquisition of both implicit and explicit internal models.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipEngineering and Applied Sciencesen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Verlagen_US
dc.relation.isversionofdoi:10.1007/s00221-006-0391-0en_US
dc.relation.hasversionhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1628349/en_US
dash.licenseMETA_ONLY
dc.subjectreachingen_US
dc.subjectarm movementsen_US
dc.subjectawarenessen_US
dc.subjectadaptationen_US
dc.subjectforce fieldsen_US
dc.subjectvisionen_US
dc.subjectproprioceptionen_US
dc.subjectcomputational modelsen_US
dc.subjectmotor controlen_US
dc.subjectmotor learningen_US
dc.titleDissociable Effects of the Implicit and Explicit Memory Systems on Learning Control of Reachingen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.description.versionVersion of Recorden_US
dc.relation.journalExperimental Brain Researchen_US
dash.depositing.authorSmith, Maurice A
dash.embargo.until10000-01-01
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00221-006-0391-0*
dash.contributor.affiliatedSmith, Maurice


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