Changes in intake of protein foods, carbohydrate amount and quality, and long-term weight change: results from 3 prospective cohorts
View/ Open
7214 ajcn100867.pdf (532.2Kb)
Access Status
Full text of the requested work is not available in DASH at this time ("restricted access"). For more information on restricted deposits, see our FAQ.Author
Smith, Jessica
Hou, Tao
Ludwig, David
Rimm, Eric Bruce::0ab2926c8242f35e5a982e3cf59f4987::600
Willett, Walter C.::94559ea206eef8a8844fc5b80654fa5b::600
Hu, Frank
Mozaffarian, Dariush
Published Version
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.100867Metadata
Show full item recordCitation
Smith, Jessica D, Tao Hou, David S Ludwig, Eric B Rimm, Walter Willett, Frank B Hu, and Dariush Mozaffarian. 2015. “Changes in Intake of Protein Foods, Carbohydrate Amount and Quality, and Long-Term Weight Change: Results from 3 Prospective Cohorts.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 101 (6): 1216–24. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.100867.Abstract
Background: Dietary guidelines recommend interchanging protein foods (e.g., chicken for red meat), but they may be exchanged for carbohydrate-rich foods varying in quality [glycemic load (GL)]. Whether such exchanges occur and how they influence long-term weight gain are not established. Objective: Our objective was to determine how changes in intake of protein foods, GL, and their interrelationship influence long-term weight gain. Design: We investigated the association between 4-y changes in consumption of protein foods, GL, and their interaction with 4-y weight change over a 16- to 24-y follow-up, adjusted for other lifestyle changes (smoking, physical activity, television watching, sleep duration), body mass index, and all dietary factors simultaneously in 3 prospective US cohorts (Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study) comprising 120,784 men and women free of chronic disease or obesity at baseline. Results: Protein foods were not interchanged with each other (intercorrelations typically <vertical bar 0.05 vertical bar) but with carbohydrate (negative correlation as low as -0.39). Protein foods had different relations with long-term weight gain, with positive associations for meats, chicken with skin, and regular cheese (per increased serving/d, 0.13-1.17 kg; P = 0.02 to P < 0.001); no association for milk, legumes, peanuts, or eggs (P > 0.40 for each); and relative weight loss for yogurt, peanut butter, walnuts, other nuts, chicken without skin, low-fat cheese, and seafood (-0.14 to -0.71 kg; P = 0.01 to P < 0.001). Increases in GL were independently associated with a 0.42-kg greater weight gain per 50-unit increase (P < 0.001). Significant interactions (P-interaction < 0.05) between changes in protein foods and GL were identified; for example, increased cheese intake was associated with weight gain when GL increased, with weight stability when GL did not change, and with weight loss when exchanged for GL (i.e., decrease in GL). Conclusion: Protein foods were commonly interchanged with carbohydrate, and changes in protein foods and GL interacted to influence long-term weight gain.Citable link to this page
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41249170
Collections
- SPH Scholarly Articles [6353]
Contact administrator regarding this item (to report mistakes or request changes)