A New Class of Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Identified by Crystallographic Fragment Screening of the Catalytic Core Domain
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Patel, Disha
Antwi, Janet
Koneru, Pratibha
Serrao, Erik
Forli, Stefano
Kessl, Jacques
Feng, Lei
Deng, Nanjie
Levy, Ronald
Fuchs, James
Olson, Arthur
Engelman, Alan
Bauman, Joseph
Kvaratskhelia, Mamuka
Arnold, Eddy
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https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.753384Metadata
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Patel, Disha, Janet Antwi, Pratibha C. Koneru, Erik Serrao, Stefano Forli, Jacques J. Kessl, Lei Feng, et al. 2016. “A New Class of Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Identified by Crystallographic Fragment Screening of the Catalytic Core Domain.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 291 (45): 23569–77. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m116.753384.Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is essential for virus replication and represents an important multifunctional therapeutic target. Recently discovered quinoline-based allosteric IN inhibitors (ALLINIs) potently impair HIV-1 replication and are currently in clinical trials. ALLINIs exhibit a multimodal mechanism of action by inducing aberrant IN multimerization during virion morphogenesis and by competing with IN for binding to its cognate cellular cofactor LEDGF/p75 during early steps of HIV-1 infection. However, quinoline-based ALLINIs impose a low genetic barrier for the evolution of resistant phenotypes, which highlights a need for discovery of second-generation inhibitors. Using crystallographic screening of a library of 971 fragments against the HIV-1 IN catalytic core domain (CCD) followed by a fragment expansion approach, we have identified thiophenecarboxylic acid derivatives that bind at the CCD-CCD dimer interface at the principal lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 binding pocket. The most active derivative (5) inhibited LEDGF/p75-dependent HIV-1 IN activity in vitro with an IC50 of 72 m and impaired HIV-1 infection of T cells at an EC50 of 36 m. The identified lead compound, with a relatively small molecular weight (221 Da), provides an optimal building block for developing a new class of inhibitors. Furthermore, although structurally distinct thiophenecarboxylic acid derivatives target a similar pocket at the IN dimer interface as the quinoline-based ALLINIs, the lead compound, 5, inhibited IN mutants that confer resistance to quinoline-based compounds. Collectively, our findings provide a plausible path for structure-based development of second-generation ALLINIs.Terms of Use
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