Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 10498-10517 of 18428

    • Mechanical Risk Factors for Stress Fracture in Elite Runners 

      Hunt, Kenneth; Wilcox-Fogel, Nathan; Trikha, Rishi; Tenforde, Adam (SAGE Publications, 2016)
      Objectives: Bone stress injuries (BSI) are responsible for significant missed competition and training in distance runners. A recent review of our institution’s injury database revealed that one-fifth of NCAA-level runners ...

    • Mechanical slowing-down of cytoplasmic diffusion allows in vivo counting of proteins in individual cells 

      Okumus, Burak; Landgraf, Dirk; Lai, Ghee Chuan; Bakhsi, Somenath; Arias-Castro, Juan Carlos; Yildiz, Sadik; Huh, Dann; Fernandez-Lopez, Raul; Peterson, Celeste N.; Toprak, Erdal; El Karoui, Meriem; Paulsson, Johan (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      Many key regulatory proteins in bacteria are present in too low numbers to be detected with conventional methods, which poses a particular challenge for single-cell analyses because such proteins can contribute greatly to ...

    • Mechanical Stretch and PI3K Signaling Link Cell Migration and Proliferation to Coordinate Epithelial Tubule Morphogenesis in the Zebrafish Pronephros 

      Vasilyev, Aleksandr; Liu, Yan; Hellman, Nathan; Pathak, Narendra H.; Drummond, Iain A. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Organ development leads to the emergence of organ function, which in turn can impact developmental processes. Here we show that fluid flow-induced collective epithelial migration during kidney nephron morphogenesis induces ...

    • Mechanical Ventilation Modulates TLR4 and IRAK-3 in a Non-infectious, Ventilator-induced Lung Injury Model 

      Villar, Jesús; Cabrera, Nuria E; Casula, Milena; Flores, Carlos; Valladares, Francisco; Díaz-Flores, Lucio; Muros, Mercedes; Slutsky, Arthur S; Kacmarek, Robert Michael (BioMed Central, 2010)
      Background: Previous experimental studies have shown that injurious mechanical ventilation has a direct effect on pulmonary and systemic immune responses. How these responses are propagated or attenuated is a matter of ...

    • Mechanics of Dynamic Needle Insertion into a Biological Material 

      Mahvash, M.; Dupont, Pierre E (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2010)
      During needle-based procedures, transitions between tissue layers often lead to rupture events that involve large forces and tissue deformations and produce uncontrollable crack extensions. In this paper, the mechanics of ...

    • A Mechanism Coupling Systemic Energy Sensing to Adipokine Secretion 

      Rajan, Akhila; Housden, Benjamin E.; Wirtz-Peitz, Frederik; Holderbaum, Laura; Perrimon, Norbert (Elsevier BV, 2017-10-09)
      Adipocytes sense systemic nutrient status and systemically communicate this information by releasing adipokines. The mechanisms which couple nutritional state to adipokine release are unknown. Here, we investigated how ...

    • Mechanism for a transcriptional activator that works at the isomerization step 

      Dove, Simon L.; Huang, Franklin W.; Hochschild, Ann (National Academy of Sciences, 2000)
      Transcriptional activators in prokaryotes have been shown to stimulate different steps in the initiation process including the initial binding of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to the promoter and a postbinding step known as the ...

    • Mechanism for Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR56-Mediated RhoA Activation Induced By Collagen III Stimulation 

      Luo, Rong; Jeong, Sung-Jin; Yang, Annie; Wen, Miaoyun; Saslowsky, David E.; Lencer, Wayne I.; Araç, Demet; Piao, Xianhua (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      GPR56 is a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Despite the importance of GPR56 in brain development, where mutations cause a devastating human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal ...

    • A Mechanism for Vertebrate Hedgehog Signaling: Recruitment to Cilia and Dissociation of SuFu-Gli Protein Complexes 

      Tukachinsky, Hanna; Lopez, Lyle Vincent Villamater; Salic, Adrian (Rockefeller University Press, 2010)
      In vertebrates, Hedgehog (Hh) signaling initiated in primary cilia activates the membrane protein Smoothened (Smo) and leads to activation of Gli proteins, the transcriptional effectors of the pathway. In the absence of ...

    • Mechanism of Action and Capsid-Stabilizing Properties of VHHs with an in Vitro Antipolioviral Activity 

      Schotte, Lise; Strauss, Mike; Thys, Bert; Halewyck, Hadewych; Filman, David J.; Bostina, Mihnea; Hogle, James M.; Rombaut, Bart (American Society for Microbiology, 2014)
      Previously, we reported on the in vitro antiviral activity of single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) directed against poliovirus type 1. Five VHHs were found to neutralize poliovirus type 1 in an in vitro setting and ...

    • Mechanism of Action and Clinical Application of Tafamidis in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis 

      Coelho, Teresa; Merlini, Giampaolo; Bulawa, Christine E.; Fleming, James A.; Judge, Daniel P.; Kelly, Jeffery W.; Maurer, Mathew S.; Planté-Bordeneuve, Violaine; Labaudinière, Richard; Mundayat, Rajiv; Riley, Steve; Lombardo, Ilise; Huertas, Pedro (Springer Healthcare, 2016)
      Transthyretin (TTR) transports the retinol-binding protein–vitamin A complex and is a minor transporter of thyroxine in blood. Its tetrameric structure undergoes rate-limiting dissociation and monomer misfolding, enabling ...

    • Mechanism of Activation of the Drosophila EGF Receptor by the TGFα Ligand Gurken During Oogenesis 

      Ghiglione, Christian; Bach, Erika A.; Paraiso, Yolande; Carraway, Kermit L.; Noselli, Stéphane; Perrimon, Norbert (The Company of Biologists, 2002-01-01)
      We have analyzed the mechanism of activation of the Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) by the transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha-like molecule, Gurken (Grk). Grk is expressed in the oocyte and activates the Egfr ...

    • Mechanism of Adrenergic CaV1.2 Stimulation Revealed by Proximity Proteomics 

      Liu, Guoxia; Papa, Arianne; Katchman, Alexander N.; Zakharov, Sergey I.; Roybal, Daniel; Hennessey, Jessica; Kushner, Jared; Yang, Lin; Chen, Bi-Xing; Kushnir, Alexander; Dangas, Katerina; Gygi, Steven; Pitt, Geoffrey S.; Colecraft, Henry M.; Ben-Johny, Manu; Kalocsay, Marian; Marx, Steven O. (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-01-22)
      Increased cardiac contractility during fight-or-flight response is caused by b-adrenergic augmentation of CaV1.2 channels. In transgenic murine hearts expressing fully PKA phosphorylation-site-deficient mutant CaV1.2 a1C ...

    • Mechanism of chromosomal transfer of Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island, capsule, antimicrobial resistance, and other traits 

      Manson, J. M.; Hancock, L. E.; Gilmore, Michael S. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010)
      The Enterococcus faecalis pathogenicity island (PAI) encodes known virulence traits and >100 additional genes with unknown roles in enterococcal biology. Phage-related integration and excision genes, and direct repeats ...

    • Mechanism of Decrease in Mitral Regurgitation After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Optimization of the Force-Balance Relationship 

      Solis, J.; McCarty, D.; Levine, Robert A.; Handschumacher, M. D.; Fernandez-Friera, L.; Chen-Tournoux, A.; Mont, L.; Vidal, Barbara Crystal; Singh, Jagmeet P.; Brugada, J.; Picard, Michael Howard; Sitges, M.; Hung, Judy Weiming (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2009)
      Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to reduce functional mitral regurgitation (MR). It has been proposed that the mechanism of MR reduction relates to geometric change or, alternatively, ...

    • The mechanism of DNA replication termination in vertebrates 

      Dewar, James M.; Budzowska, Magda; Walter, Johannes C. (2015)
      Eukaryotic DNA replication terminates when replisomes from adjacent replication origins converge. Termination involves local completion of DNA synthesis, decatenation of daughter molecules, and replisome disassembly. ...

    • Mechanism of EBV Inducing Anti-Tumour Immunity and Its Therapeutic Use 

      Choi, Il-Kyu; Wang, Zhe; Ke, Qiang; Hong, Min; Paul, Dereck W.; Fernandes, Stacey M.; Hu, Zhuting; Stevens, Jonathan; Guleria, Indira; Kim, Hye-Jung; Cantor, Harvey; Wucherpfennig, Kai; Brown, Jennifer R.; Ritz, Jerome; Zhang, Baochun (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-12-23)
      Tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) comprise a large collection of non-mutated cellular antigens recognized by T cells in human and murine cancers. Their potential as immunotherapy targets has been explored for over two ...

    • Mechanism of erosion of nanostructured porous silicon drug carriers in neoplastic tissues 

      Tzur-Balter, Adi; Shatsberg, Zohar; Beckerman, Margarita; Segal, Ester; Artzi, Natalie (Nature Pub. Group, 2015)
      Nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) is emerging as a promising platform for drug delivery owing to its biocompatibility, degradability and high surface area available for drug loading. The ability to control PSi structure, ...

    • Mechanism of ganciclovir-induced chain termination revealed by resistant viral polymerase mutants with reduced exonuclease activity 

      Chen, Han; Beardsley, G. Peter; Coen, Donald (National Academy of Sciences, 2014)
      Many antiviral and anticancer drugs are nucleoside analogs that target polymerases and cause DNA chain termination. Interestingly, ganciclovir (GCV), the first line of therapy for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections, ...

    • The mechanism of H171T resistance reveals the importance of Nδ-protonated His171 for the binding of allosteric inhibitor BI-D to HIV-1 integrase 

      Slaughter, Alison; Jurado, Kellie A; Deng, Nanjie; Feng, Lei; Kessl, Jacques J; Shkriabai, Nikoloz; Larue, Ross C; Fadel, Hind J; Patel, Pratiq A; Jena, Nivedita; Fuchs, James R; Poeschla, Eric; Levy, Ronald M; Engelman, Alan; Kvaratskhelia, Mamuka (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) are an important new class of anti-HIV-1 agents. ALLINIs bind at the IN catalytic core domain (CCD) dimer interface occupying the principal binding pocket ...