Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title
Now showing items 13637-13656 of 18426
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The Prevention of Delirium and Complications Associated with Surgical Treatments (PODCAST) study: protocol for an international multicentre randomised controlled trial
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2014)Introduction: Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications of major surgery, affecting 10–70% of surgical patients 60 years and older. Delirium is an acute change in cognition that manifests as poor ... -
Prevention of Infection Due to Pneumocystis carinii
Pneumocystis carinii remains an important pathogen for the broad spectrum of immunocompromised individuals, despite significant advances in antimicrobial therapy. The recognition of P. carinii pneumonia in oncology patients ... -
Prevention of Infection Due to Pneumocystis spp. in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Immunocompromised Patients
(American Society for Microbiology, 2004)Pneumocystis was initially identified in the lungs of rats as a stage in the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi (in 1909 by Chagas and in 1910 by Carini). The first case of Pneumocystis infection in humans was described by ... -
Prevention of leukostasis and vascular leakage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibition
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1999)Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of adult vision loss and blindness. Much of the retinal damage that characterizes the disease results from retinal vascular leakage and nonperfusion. This study shows that diabetic ... -
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: a phase III, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a short course of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in women with hepatitis B virus e-antigen
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is complicated by cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Thailand, 6-7 % of adults are chronically infected with HBV. The risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV has ... -
Prevention of multidrug resistance (MDR) in osteosarcoma by NSC23925
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014)Background: The major limitation to the success of chemotherapy in osteosarcoma is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Preventing the emergence of MDR during chemotherapy treatment has been a high priority of ... -
Prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease
(Baishideng Publishing Group Inc., 2014)Endoscopic and clinical recurrence of Crohn’s disease (CD) is a common occurrence after surgical resection. Smokers, those with perforating disease, and those with myenteric plexitis are all at higher risk of recurrence. ... -
Prevention of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy by Suppression of Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate 4-Kinases
(The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 2016)Purpose Previous studies have shown that vitreous stimulates degradation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and that knockdown of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4Kα and -β) abrogates proliferation of ... -
Prevention of Relapse and Recurrence in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Controlled Trials
(Oxford University Press, 2015)Background: Findings of substantial remaining morbidity in treated major depressive disorder (MDD) led us to review controlled trials of treatments aimed at preventing early relapses or later recurrences in adults diagnosed ... -
Prevention of tuberculosis in macaques after intravenous BCG immunization
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-01-01)Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death from infection worldwide1. The only available vaccine, BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin), is given intradermally and has variable efficacy against pulmonary ... -
Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice by Tolerogenic Vaccination with a Strong Agonist Insulin Mimetope
(The Rockefeller University Press, 2011)Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic cells by autoreactive T cells. Insulin is an essential target of the autoimmune attack. Insulin epitopes recognized by diabetogenic T cell ... -
Preventive zinc supplementation for children, and the effect of additional iron: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2014)Objective: Zinc deficiency is widespread, and preventive supplementation may have benefits in young children. Effects for children over 5 years of age, and effects when coadministered with other micronutrients are uncertain. ... -
Primary care clinicians’ experiences prescribing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis at a specialized community health centre in Boston: lessons from early adopters
(International AIDS Society, 2016)Introduction: An estimated 1.2 million Americans have indications for using antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV acquisition. For many of these at-risk individuals, the best opportunity to learn ... -
Primary care clinicians’ perceptions about antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis: a qualitative study
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Clinicians prescribe antibiotics to over 65% of adults with acute bronchitis despite guidelines stating that antibiotics are not indicated. Methods: To identify and understand primary care clinician perceptions ... -
Primary Cell Cultures from Drosophila Gastrula Embryos
(MyJove Corporation, 2011-02-28)Here we describe a method for preparing and culturing primary cells dissociated from Drosophila gastrula embryos. In brief, a large amount of staged embryos from young and healthy flies are collected, sterilized, and then ... -
Primary Cilia Are Not Calcium-Responsive Mechanosensors
(2016)Primary cilia are solitary, generally non-motile, hair-like protrusions that extend from the surface of cells between cell divisions. Their antenna-like structure leads naturally to the assumption that they sense the ... -
Primary cilia are specialized calcium signaling organelles
(2014)Summary Primary cilia are solitary nonmotile extensions of the centriole found on nearly all nucleated eukaryotic cells between cell divisions. Only ∼200-300 nm in diameter and a few microns long, they are separated from ... -
Primary Culture and Plasmid Electroporation of the Murine Organ of Corti
(Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2010)In all mammals, the sensory epithelium for audition is located along the spiraling organ of Corti that resides within the conch shaped cochlea of the inner ear (fig 1). Hair cells in the developing cochlea, which are the ... -
Primary epidural lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thoracic spine – presentation of a rare disease variant
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the rarest form of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, accounting for < 1% of all cases. Patients often have advanced-stage disease at the time of presentation with an ... -
Primary Follicular Lymphoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2011)BACKGROUND: Follicular lymphoma (FL), a common nodal lymphoma, is rare in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We report our experience with primary FL of the GI tract. METHODS: The surgical pathology computer files at the ...