Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 3855-3874 of 18428

    • CX3CR1: Re-Defining Exhausted CD8+ T Cell Populations 

      ElJalby, Mahmoud (2017-06-07)
      Persistent infections result in dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells associated with the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Recent studies have attempted to elucidate T cell subsets in chronic infections1–5. ...

    • CXCR3 Controls T-Cell Accumulation in Fat Inflammation 

      Rocha, V. Z.; Folco, Eduardo; Ozdemir, Cafer; Sheikine, Y.; Christen, T.; Sukhova, Galina K.; Tang, E. H. C.; Bittencourt, M. S.; Santos, R. D.; Luster, Andrew David; Cohen, David E; Libby, Peter (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2014)
      Objective—Obesity associates with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in adipose tissue (AT), including T cells, but the mechanism of T-cell recruitment remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the chemokine ...

    • A Cyberday in the Life 

      Bates, David (American Medical Association (AMA), 1996-03-13)
      At 9 PM Sunday, February 5,2006, Dr Susan Scott returned home from a weekend of cross-country skiing, tucked her chil¬ dren in bed, sank down on the couch in front of her large-screen three-dimensional information center ...

    • Cyclic AMP Responsive Element Binding Proteins Are Involved in ‘Emergency’ Granulopoiesis through the Upregulation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β 

      Hirai, Hideyo; Kamio, Naoka; Huang, Gang; Matsusue, Akiko; Ogino, Shinpei; Kimura, Nobuhiko; Satake, Sakiko; Ashihara, Eishi; Imanishi, Jiro; Tenen, Daniel Geoffrey; Maekawa, Taira (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      In contrast to the definitive role of the transcription factor, CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), in steady-state granulopoiesis, previous findings have suggested that granulopoiesis during emergency situations, ...

    • A Cyclic-di-GMP Receptor Required for Bacterial Exopolysaccharide Production 

      Lee, Vincent T.; Matewish, Jody M; Kessler, Jennifer L; Hyodo, Mamoru; Hayakawa, Yoshihiro; Lory, Stephen (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007)
      Bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has been shown to be a global regulatory molecule that modulates the reciprocal responses of bacteria to activate either virulence pathways or biofilm formation. ...

    • Cyclin A2 promotes DNA repair in the brain during both development and aging 

      Gygli, Patrick E.; Chang, Joshua C.; Gokozan, Hamza N.; Catacutan, Fay P.; Schmidt, Theresa A.; Kaya, Behiye; Goksel, Mustafa; Baig, Faisal S.; Chen, Shannon; Griveau, Amelie; Michowski, Wojciech; Wong, Michael; Palanichamy, Kamalakannan; Sicinski, Piotr; Nelson, Randy J.; Czeisler, Catherine; Otero, José J. (Impact Journals LLC, 2016)
      Various stem cell niches of the brain have differential requirements for Cyclin A2. Cyclin A2 loss results in marked cerebellar dysmorphia, whereas forebrain growth is retarded during early embryonic development yet achieves ...

    • Cyclin D activates the Rb tumor suppressor by mono-phosphorylation 

      Narasimha, Anil M; Kaulich, Manuel; Shapiro, Gary S; Choi, Yoon J; Sicinski, Piotr; Dowdy, Steven F (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2014)
      The widely accepted model of G1 cell cycle progression proposes that cyclin D:Cdk4/6 inactivates the Rb tumor suppressor during early G1 phase by progressive multi-phosphorylation, termed hypo-phosphorylation, to release ...

    • Cyclin D1 fine-tunes the neurogenic output of embryonic retinal progenitor cells 

      Das, Gaurav; Choi, Yoon; Sicinski, Piotr; Levine, Edward M (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Background: Maintaining the correct balance of proliferation versus differentiation in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) is essential for proper development of the retina. The cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 is expressed in ...

    • Cyclin D1 Provides a Link Between Development and Oncogenesis in the Retina and Breast 

      Sicinski, Piotr; Donaher, Joana Liu; Parker, Susan B.; Li, Tiansen; Fazeli, Amin; Gardner, Humphrey; Haslam, Sandra Z.; Bronson, Roderick T.; Elledge, Stephen; Weinberg, Robert A. (Elsevier BV, 1995-08)

    • Cyclin D1 Represses Gluconeogenesis via Inhibition of the Transcriptional Coactivator PGC1α 

      Bhalla, Kavita; Liu, Wan-Ju; Thompson, Keyata; Anders, Lars; Devarakonda, Srikripa; Dewi, Ruby; Buckley, Stephanie; Hwang, Bor-Jang; Polster, Brian; Dorsey, Susan G.; Sun, Yezhou; Sicinski, Piotr; Girnun, Geoffrey D. (American Diabetes Association, 2014)
      Hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial to maintain normal blood glucose during periods of nutrient deprivation. Gluconeogenesis is controlled at multiple levels by a variety of signal transduction and transcriptional pathways. ...

    • Cyclin D1-CDK4 Controls Glucose Metabolism Independently of Cell Cycle Progression 

      Lee, Yoonjin; Dominy, John E.; Choi, Yoon Jong; Jurczak, Michael; Tolliday, Nicola; Camporez, Joao Paulo; Chim, Helen; Lim, Ji-Hong; Ruan, Hai-Bin; Yang, Xiaoyong; Vazquez, Francisca; Sicinski, Piotr; Shulman, Gerald I.; Puigserver, Pere (2014)
      Insulin constitutes a major evolutionarily conserved hormonal axis for maintaining glucose homeostasis1-3; dysregulation of this axis causes diabetes2,4. PGC-1α links insulin signaling to the expression of glucose and lipid ...

    • Cyclin D2 is Essential for the Compensatory Beta-Cell Hyperplastic Response to Insulin Resistance in Rodents 

      Georgia, Senta; Hinault, Charlotte; Kawamori, Dan; Hu, Jiang; Meyer, John; Kanji, Murtaza; Bhushan, Anil; Kulkarni, Rohit Narayan (American Diabetes Association, 2010)
      OBJECTIVE: A major determinant of the progression from insulin resistance to the development of overt type 2 diabetes is a failure to mount an appropriate compensatory β-cell hyperplastic response to maintain normoglycemia. ...

    • Cyclin F Disruption Compromises Placental Development and Affects Normal Cell Cycle Execution 

      Tetzlaff, Michael T.; Bai, Chang; Finegold, Milton; Wilson, John; Harper, J. Wade; Mahon, Kathleen A.; Elledge, Stephen J. (American Society for Microbiology, 2004)
      Human cyclin F was originally isolated as a cDNA capable of suppressing the temperature sensitivity of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc4-1 mutant. Its tightly regulated expression and high conservation in the evolutionary ...

    • Cyclin-dependent kinase 11p110 (CDK11p110) is crucial for human breast cancer cell proliferation and growth 

      Zhou, Yubing; Han, Chao; Li, Duolu; Yu, Zujiang; Li, Fengmei; Li, Feng; An, Qi; Bai, Huili; Zhang, Xiaojian; Duan, Zhenfeng; Kan, Quancheng (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play important roles in the development of many types of cancers by binding with their paired cyclins. However, the function of CDK11 larger protein isomer, CDK11p110, in the tumorigenesis ...

    • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibition in Cancer Therapy 

      Johnson, Neil; Shapiro, Geoffrey Ira (Landes Bioscience, 2012)

    • Cycling Empirical Antibiotic Therapy in Hospitals: Meta-Analysis and Models 

      Abel, Sören; Kouyos, Roger; Viechtbauer, Wolfgang; Bonhoeffer, Sebastian (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      The rise of resistance together with the shortage of new broad-spectrum antibiotics underlines the urgency of optimizing the use of available drugs to minimize disease burden. Theoretical studies suggest that coordinating ...

    • Cyclization of Fungal Nonribosomal Peptides by a Terminal Condensation-Like Domain 

      Gao, Xue; Haynes, Stuart W.; Ames, Brian D.; Wang, Peng; Vien, Linda P.; Walsh, Christopher T.; Tang, Yi (2012)
      Cyclization of linear peptidyl precursors produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) is an important step in the biosynthesis of bioactive cyclic peptides. Whereas bacterial NRPSs use thioesterase (TE) domains ...

    • Cyclodepsipeptide Toxin Promotes the Degradation of Hsp90 Client Proteins through Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy 

      Shen, Shensi; Zhang, Pengtao; Lovchik, Martin A.; Li, Ying; Tang, Liuya; Chen, Zhimin; Zeng, Rong; Ma, Dawei; Yuan, Junying; Yu, Qiang (Rockefeller University Press, 2009)
      Promoting the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins by inhibiting Hsp90, an important protein chaperone, has been shown to be a promising new anticancer strategy. In this study, we show that an oxazoline analogue of apratoxin ...

    • Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in esophageal epithelium before and after photodynamic therapy for Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma 

      Yachimski, Patrick; Mino-Kenudson, Mari; Sherwood, Margaret E.; Puricelli, William P.; Nishioka, Norman Shizuaki; Lauwers, Gregory Y. (Springer Nature, 2011)
      Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is upregulated in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Photodynamic therapy using porfimer sodium can result in ablation of dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma, eradication of ...

    • Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression is Common in Serrated and Non-Serrated Colorectal Adenoma, but Uncommon in Hyperplastic Polyp and Sessile Serrated Polyp/Adenoma 

      Kawasaki, Takako; Nosho, Katsuhiko; Ohnishi, Mutsuko; Suemoto, Yuko; Glickman, Jonathan Neil; Chan, Andrew Tan; Kirkner, Gregory J; Mino-Kenudson, Mari; Fuchs, Charles Stewart; Ogino, Shuji (BioMed Central, 2008)
      Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. COX-2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is inversely associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island ...