Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 4360-4379 of 18428

    • Diazepam effect during early neonatal development correlates with neuronal Cl− 

      Glykys, Joseph; Staley, Kevin J. (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2015)
      Abstract Objective: Although benzodiazepines and other GABAA receptors allosteric modulators are used to treat neonatal seizures, their efficacy may derive from actions on subcortical structures. Side effects of benzodiazepines ...

    • Diazoxide amelioration of myocardial injury and mitochondrial damage during cardiac surgery 

      McCully, James Donald; Wakiyama, Hidetaka; Cowan, Douglas Burr; Federman, Micheline; Parker, Robert A; Levitsky, Sidney (Elsevier BV, 2002)
      Background Recently, we have shown that the selective opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels with diazoxide significantly decreases myocardial injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the ...

    • DICER-ARGONAUTE2 Complex in Continuous Fluorogenic Assays of RNA Interference Enzymes 

      Bernard, Mark A.; Wang, Leyu; Tachado, Souvenir D. (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Mechanistic studies of RNA processing in the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) have been hindered by lack of methods for continuous monitoring of enzymatic activity. “Quencherless” fluorogenic substrates of RNAi enzymes ...

    • Dicer-dependent pathways regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation 

      Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Lu, Jun; Cobb, Bradley S.; Rodda, Stephen J.; McMahon, Andrew P.; Schipani, Ernestina; Merkenschlager, Matthias; Kronenberg, Henry M. (National Academy of Sciences, 2008)
      Small noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), bind to messenger RNAs through base pairing to suppress gene expression. Despite accumulating evidence that miRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes across diverse ...

    • DICER1 and microRNA regulation in post-traumatic stress disorder with comorbid depression 

      Wingo, Aliza P.; Almli, Lynn M.; Stevens, Jennifer J.; Klengel, Torsten; Uddin, Monica; Li, Yujing; Bustamante, Angela C.; Lori, Adriana; Koen, Nastassja; Stein, Dan J.; Smith, Alicia K.; Aiello, Allison E.; Koenen, Karestan C.; Wildman, Derek E.; Galea, Sandro; Bradley, Bekh; Binder, Elisabeth B.; Jin, Peng; Gibson, Greg; Ressler, Kerry J. (Nature Publishing Group, 2015)
      DICER1 is an enzyme that generates mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in brain and other tissues and is involved in synaptic maturation and plasticity. Here, through genome-wide ...

    • DICER1 mutations in childhood cystic nephroma and its relationship to DICER1-renal sarcoma 

      Doros, Leslie A; Rossi, Christopher T; Yang, Jiandong; Field, Amanda; Williams, Gretchen M; Messinger, Yoav; Cajaiba, Mariana M; Perlman, Elizabeth J; A Schultz, Kris; Cathro, Helen P; Legallo, Robin D; LaFortune, Kristin A; Chikwava, Kudakwashe R; Faria, Paulo; Geller, James I; Dome, Jeffrey S; Mullen, Elizabeth A; Gratias, Eric J; Dehner, Louis P; Hill, D Ashley (Nature Publishing Group, 2014)
      The pathogenesis of cystic nephroma of the kidney has interested pathologists for over 50 years. Emerging from its initial designation as a type of unilateral multilocular cyst, cystic nephroma has been considered as either ...

    • Dichotic listening in schizotypal personality disorder: Evidence for gender and laterality effects 

      Voglmaier, Martina M.; Seidman, Larry Joel; Niznikiewicz, Margaret A.; Madan, Anita; Dickey, Chandlee C.; Shenton, Martha Elizabeth; McCarley, Robert William (Elsevier BV, 2009)
      Verbal dichotic listening performance was examined in 42 right-handed men and women with DSM-IV-defined schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and 68 right-handed controls. As expected, both male and female control groups ...

    • The Dichotomous Pattern of IL-12R and IL-23R Expression Elucidates the Role of IL-12 and IL-23 in Inflammation 

      Chognard, Gaëlle; Bellemare, Lisa; Pelletier, Adam-Nicolas; Dominguez-Punaro, Maria C.; Beauchamp, Claudine; Guyon, Marie-Josée; Charron, Guy; Morin, Nicolas; Sivanesan, Durga; Kuchroo, Vijay; Xavier, Ramnik; Michnick, Stephen W.; Chemtob, Sylvain; Rioux, John D.; Lesage, Sylvie (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines respectively drive Th1 and Th17 type responses. Yet, little is known regarding the biology of these receptors. As the IL-12 and IL-23 receptors share a common subunit, it has been assumed that ...

    • DICOM for quantitative imaging biomarker development: a standards based approach to sharing clinical data and structured PET/CT analysis results in head and neck cancer research 

      Fedorov, Andriy; Clunie, David; Ulrich, Ethan; Bauer, Christian; Wahle, Andreas; Brown, Bartley; Onken, Michael; Riesmeier, Jörg; Pieper, Steve; Kikinis, Ron; Buatti, John; Beichel, Reinhard R. (PeerJ Inc., 2016)
      Background. Imaging biomarkers hold tremendous promise for precision medicine clinical applications. Development of such biomarkers relies heavily on image post-processing tools for automated image quantitation. Their ...

    • Did a quality improvement collaborative make stroke care better? A cluster randomized trial 

      Power, Maxine; Tyrrell, Pippa J; Rudd, Anthony G; Tully, Mary P; Dalton, David; Marshall, Martin; Chappell, Ian; Corgié, Delphine; Goldmann, Don; Webb, Dale; Dixon-Woods, Mary; Parry, Gareth (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: Stroke can result in death and long-term disability. Fast and high-quality care can reduce the impact of stroke, but UK national audit data has demonstrated variability in compliance with recommended processes ...

    • Did FDA Decisionmaking Affect Anti-Psychotic Drug Prescribing in Children?: A Time-Trend Analysis 

      Wang, Bo; Franklin, Jessica Myers; Eddings, Wesley; Landon, Joan; Kesselheim, Aaron Seth (Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2016)
      Background: Following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, many drugs are prescribed for non-FDA-approved (“off-label”) uses. If substantial evidence supports the efficacy and safety of off-label indications, ...

    • Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome 

      David, Lawrence A.; Maurice, Corinne F.; Carmody, Rachel N.; Gootenberg, David B.; Button, Julie E.; Wolfe, Benjamin E.; Ling, Alisha V.; Devlin, A. Sloan; Varma, Yug; Fischbach, Michael A.; Biddinger, Sudha B.; Dutton, Rachel J.; Turnbaugh, Peter J. (2013)
      Long-term diet influences the structure and activity of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut1–5, but it remains unclear how rapidly and reproducibly the human gut microbiome responds to short-term ...

    • Diet, Genetics, and Disease: A Focus on the Middle East and North Africa Region 

      Fahed, Akl; El-Hage-Sleiman, Abdul-Karim M.; Farhat, Theresa I.; Nemer, Georges M. (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012)
      The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suffers a drastic change from a traditional diet to an industrialized diet. This has led to an unparalleled increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. This review discusses ...

    • Diet, microbes, and host genetics: the perfect storm in inflammatory bowel diseases 

      Leone, Vanessa; Chang, Eugene B.; Devkota, Suzanne (Springer Japan, 2013)
      The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as well as other inflammatory conditions, has dramatically increased over the past half century. While many studies have shown that IBD exhibits a genetic component via ...

    • Diet, nutrition, and avoidable cancer 

      Willett, Walter C. (US Department of Health and Human Services, 1995)
      In a 1981 review, Doll and Peto estimated that approximately 35% of cancer deaths in the United States were potentially avoidable by the modification of diet but that this percentage might be as low as 10% or as high as ...

    • Diet-Quality Scores and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men 

      de Koning, Lawrence; Chiuve, Stephanie Elizabeth; Fung, Teresa Toiyee; Willett, Walter C.; Rimm, Eric B.; Hu, Frank B. (American Diabetes Association, 2011)
      Objective: To 1) compare associations of diet-quality scores, which were inversely associated with cardiovascular disease, with incident type 2 diabetes and 2) test for differences in absolute-risk reduction across various ...

    • Dietary and Plasma Magnesium and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women 

      Chiuve, Stephanie Elizabeth; Sun, Qi; Curhan, Gary Craig; Taylor, Eric N.; Spiegelman, Donna Lynn; Willett, Walter C.; Manson, JoAnn Elisabeth; Rexrode, Kathryn Marian; Albert, Christine Marie (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2013)
      Background: Magnesium is associated with lower risk of sudden cardiac death, possibly through antiarrhythmic mechanisms. Magnesium influences endothelial function, inflammation, blood pressure, and diabetes, but a direct ...

    • Dietary anthocyanin intake and age-related decline in lung function: longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study123 

      Mehta, Amar J; Cassidy, Aedín; Litonjua, Augusto A; Sparrow, David; Vokonas, Pantel; Schwartz, Joel (American Society for Nutrition, 2016)
      Background: It is unknown whether habitual intake of dietary flavonoids, known for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, affects longitudinal change in lung function. Objective: We investigated whether ...

    • Dietary fiber intake and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: prospective cohort study 

      Li, Shanshan; Flint, Alan; Pai, Jennifer K; Forman, John P; Hu, Frank B; Willett, Walter C; Rexrode, Kathryn M; Mukamal, Kenneth J; Rimm, Eric B (BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2014)
      Objective: To evaluate the associations of dietary fiber after myocardial infarction (MI) and changes in dietary fiber intake from before to after MI with all cause and cardiovascular mortality. Design: Prospective cohort ...

    • Dietary flavonoid intake and incidence of erectile dysfunction1 

      Cassidy, Aedín; Franz, Mary; Rimm, Eric B (American Society for Nutrition, 2016)
      Background: The predominant etiology for erectile dysfunction (ED) is vascular, but limited data are available on the role of diet. A higher intake of several flavonoids reduces diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk, ...