Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title
Now showing items 5880-5899 of 18428
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Estimating age-based antiretroviral therapy costs for HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings based on World Health Organization weight-based dosing recommendations
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to substantially reduce morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected infants and children. To accurately project program costs, analysts need accurate estimations ... -
Estimating Causal Effects of Local Air Pollution on Daily Deaths: Effect of Low Levels
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2016)Background: Although many time-series studies have established associations of daily pollution variations with daily deaths, there are fewer at low concentrations, or focused on locally generated pollution, which is becoming ... -
Estimating Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on Mortality in New Jersey
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2016)Background: Many studies have reported the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and increased risk of death. However, to our knowledge, none has used a causal modeling approach or controlled for long-term ... -
Estimating cost-offsets of new medications: Use of new antipsychotics and mental health costs for schizophrenia
(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2011)Estimation of the effect of one treatment compared to another in the absence of randomization is a common problem in biostatistics. An increasingly popular approach involves instrumental variables—variables that are ... -
Estimating Effects of Arsenic Exposure During Pregnancy on Perinatal Outcomes in a Bangladeshi Cohort
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015)Background: The relationship between arsenic and birth weight is not well understood. The objective was to evaluate the causal relationship between prenatal arsenic exposure and birth weight considering the potential ... -
Estimating Effects of Poverty on the Survival of HIV Patients on ART and Food Supplementation in Rural Haiti: A Comparative Evaluation of Socio-Economic Indicators
(2014-10-15)Background: Because economic conditions are both a risk factor for disease and may themselves be objectives for health delivery interventions, monitoring changes in economic outcomes has become a routine priority for health ... -
Estimating Enrichment of Repetitive Elements from High-throughput Sequence Data
(BioMed Central, 2010)We describe computational methods for analysis of repetitive elements from short-read sequencing data, and apply them to study histone modifications associated with the repetitive elements in human and mouse cells. Our ... -
Estimating Health Workforce Needs for Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-limited Settings
(BioMed Central, 2006)Background: Efforts to increase access to life-saving treatment, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), for people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings has been the growing focus of international efforts. One ... -
Estimating influenza attack rates in the United States using a participatory cohort
(Nature Publishing Group, 2015)We considered how participatory syndromic surveillance data can be used to estimate influenza attack rates during the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 seasons in the United States. Our inference is based on assessing the difference ... -
Estimating Peer Effects in Longitudinal Dyadic Data Using Instrumental Variables
(BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2014)The identification of causal peer effects (also known as social contagion or induction) from observational data in social networks is challenged by two distinct sources of bias: latent homophily and unobserved confounding. ... -
Estimating the Exposure–Response Relationships between Particulate Matter and Mortality within the APHEA Multicity Project
(National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences, 2004)Several studies have reported significant health effects of air pollution even at low levels of air pollutants, but in most of theses studies linear nonthreshold relations were assumed. We investigated the exposure–response ... -
Estimating the Impact of Reducing Under-Nutrition on the Tuberculosis Epidemic in the Central Eastern States of India: A Dynamic Modeling Study
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and under-nutrition are widespread in many low and middle-income countries. Momentum to prioritize under-nutrition has been growing at an international level, as demonstrated by the "Scaling ... -
Estimating the Independent Effects of Multiple Pollutants in the Presence of Measurement Error: An Application of a Measurement-Error–Resistant Technique
(2004)Misclassification of exposure usually leads to biased estimates of exposure–response associations. This is particularly an issue in cases with multiple correlated exposures, where the direction of bias is uncertain. It is ... -
Estimating the malaria transmission of Plasmodium vivax based on serodiagnosis
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: Plasmodium vivax re-emerged in 1993 and has now become a major public health problem during the summer season in South Korea. The aim of this study was to interpret and understand the meaning of seroepidemiological ... -
Estimating the Prevalence of COVID-19 in the United States: Three Complementary Approaches
(2020-04-18)Effectively designing and evaluating public health responses to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic requires accurate estimation of the week to week burden of COVID-19. Unfortunately, a lack of systematic testing across the ... -
Estimation of Bounded and Unbounded Trajectories in Diffusion MRI
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)Disentangling the tissue microstructural information from the diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) measurements is quite important for extracting brain tissue specific measures. The autocorrelation function of ... -
Estimation of Extracellular Volume from Regularized Multi-shell Diffusion MRI
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2012)Diffusion MRI measures micron scale displacement of water molecules, providing unique insight into microstructural tissue architecture. However, current practical image resolution is in the millimeter scale, and thus ... -
Estimation of Instantaneous Complex Dynamics through Lyapunov Exponents: A Study on Heartbeat Dynamics
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Measures of nonlinearity and complexity, and in particular the study of Lyapunov exponents, have been increasingly used to characterize dynamical properties of a wide range of biological nonlinear systems, including ... -
Estimation of Newborn Risk for Child or Adolescent Obesity: Lessons from Longitudinal Birth Cohorts
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Objectives: Prevention of obesity should start as early as possible after birth. We aimed to build clinically useful equations estimating the risk of later obesity in newborns, as a first step towards focused early prevention ... -
Estimation of Noise-Free Variance to Measure Heterogeneity
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Variance is a statistical parameter used to characterize heterogeneity or variability in data sets. However, measurements commonly include noise, as random errors superimposed to the actual value, which may substantially ...