Browsing Harvard Medical School by Title

Now showing items 934-953 of 18428

    • Antigen-Specific Memory B-cell Responses to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Bangladeshi Adults 

      Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Aktar, Amena; Afrin, Sadia; Rahman, Mohammad Arif; Aktar, Sarmin; Uddin, Taher; Rahman, M. Arifur; Mahbuba, Deena Al; Chowdhury, Fahima; Khan, Ashraful Islam; Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Begum, Yasmin Ara; Ryan, Edward T.; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Svennerholm, Ann-Mari; Qadri, Firdausi (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Multiple infections with diverse enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains lead to broad spectrum protection against ETEC diarrhea. However, the precise mechanism of protection against ETEC infection is still ...

    • Antigen-Specific Memory B-Cell Responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection in Bangladesh 

      Harris, Aaron M.; Bhuiyan, M. Saruar; Chowdhury, Fahima; Khan, Ashraful I.; Hossain, Azim; Kendall, Emily A.; Rahman, Atiqur; LaRocque, Regina C.; Wrammert, Jens; Ryan, Edward T.; Qadri, Firdausi; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Harris, Jason B. (American Society for Microbiology, 2009)
      Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a noninvasive dehydrating enteric disease with a high mortality rate if untreated. Infection with V. cholerae elicits long-term protection against subsequent disease in countries where ...

    • Antigen-Specific Memory T Cell Responses after Vaccination with an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine in Bangladeshi Children and Comparison to Responses in Patients with Naturally Acquired Cholera 

      Arifuzzaman, Mohammad; Rashu, Rasheduzzaman; Leung, Daniel T.; Hosen, M. Ismail; Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Bhuiyan, M. Saruar; Rahman, Mohammad Arif; Khanam, Farhana; Saha, Amit; Charles, Richelle C.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Weil, Ana A.; Clements, John D.; Holmes, Randall K.; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Harris, Jason B.; Ryan, Edward T.; Qadri, Firdausi (American Society for Microbiology, 2012)
      Young children, older children, and adults develop comparable levels and durations of immunity following cholera. In comparison, young children receiving oral killed cholera vaccines (OCV) develop a lower level and shorter ...

    • Antigen-specific NK cell memory in rhesus macaques 

      Reeves, R. Keith; Li, Haiying; Jost, Stephanie; Blass, Eryn; Li, Hualin; Schafer, Jamie L.; Varner, Valerie; Manickam, Cordelia; Eslamizar, Leila; Altfeld, Marcus; von Andrian, Ulrich H.; Barouch, Dan H. (2015)
      Natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been considered nonspecific components of innate immunity, but recent studies have shown features of antigen-specific memory in murine NK cells. However, it has remained unclear ...

    • Antigenic Characterization of the HCMV gH/gL/gO and Pentamer Cell Entry Complexes Reveals Binding Sites for Potently Neutralizing Human Antibodies 

      Ciferri, Claudio; Chandramouli, Sumana; Leitner, Alexander; Donnarumma, Danilo; Cianfrocco, Michael A.; Gerrein, Rachel; Friedrich, Kristian; Aggarwal, Yukti; Palladino, Giuseppe; Aebersold, Ruedi; Norais, Nathalie; Settembre, Ethan C.; Carfi, Andrea (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients and in fetuses following congenital infection. The glycoprotein complexes gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A (Pentamer) are ...

    • Antigenicity-defined conformations of an extremely neutralization-resistant HIV-1 envelope spike 

      Cai, Yongfei; Karaca-Griffin, Selen; Chen, Jia; Tian, Sai; Fredette, Nicholas; Linton, Christine; Rits-Volloch, Sophia; Lu, Jianming; Wagh, Kshitij; Theiler, James; Korber, Bette; Seaman, Michael; Harrison, Stephen; Carfi, Andrea; Chen, Bing (National Academy of Sciences, 2017)
      The extraordinary genetic diversity of the HIV-1 envelope spike [Env; trimeric (gp160)(3), cleaved to (gp120/gp41)(3)] poses challenges for vaccine development. Envs of different clinical isolates exhibit different ...

    • Antigens in the Pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin G4 - Related Disease 

      Alsalem, Sultan Bandar (2017-06-07)
      Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic, fibroinflammatory disorder capable of affecting every organ system. Under the umbrella of IgG4-RD, many poorly characterized eponymous disorders such as Kuttner’s ...

    • Antihyperalgesia by α2-GABAA Receptors Occurs Via a Genuine Spinal Action and Does Not Involve Supraspinal Sites 

      Paul, Jolly; Yévenes, Gonzalo E; Benke, Dietmar; Lio, Alessandra Di; Ralvenius, William T; Witschi, Robert; Scheurer, Louis; Cook, James M; Rudolph, Uwe; Fritschy, Jean-Marc; Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich (Nature Publishing Group, 2014)
      Drugs that enhance GABAergic inhibition alleviate inflammatory and neuropathic pain after spinal application. This antihyperalgesia occurs mainly through GABAA receptors (GABAARs) containing α2 subunits (α2-GABAARs). ...

    • Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus 

      Kim, Chun; Wilcox-Adelman, Sarah; Sano, Yasuyo; Tang, Wei-Jen; Collier, R. John; Park, Jin Mo (National Academy of Sciences, 2008)
      Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, avoids immune surveillance and commandeers host macrophages as a vehicle for lymphatic spreading. Here, we show that B. anthracis edema toxin (ET), via its adenylyl cyclase ...

    • Antileukemic Activity of Nuclear Export Inhibitors that Spare Normal Hematopoietic Cells 

      Etchin, Julia; Sun, Q; Kentsis, Alex; Farmer, A; Zhang, Z C; Sanda, Takaomi; Mansour, M R; Barcelo, C; McCauley, D; Kauffman, M; Shacham, S; Christie, A L; Kung, A L; Rodig, Scott J.; Chook, Y M; Look, A. Thomas (Nature Publishing Group, 2013)
      Drugs that target the chief mediator of nuclear export, chromosome region maintenance 1 protein (CRM1) have potential as therapeutics for leukemia, but existing CRM1 inhibitors show variable potencies and a broad range of ...

    • Antimicrobial and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity of Caffeoylquinic Acids from Artemisia absinthium Against Gram-Positive Pathogenic Bacteria 

      Fiamegos, Yiannis C.; Kastritis, Panagiotis L.; Exarchou, Vassiliki; Han, Haley; Bonvin, Alexandre M. J. J.; Vervoort, Jacques; Lewis, Kim; Hamblin, Michael; Tegos, George (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Background: Traditional antibiotics are increasingly suffering from the emergence of multidrug resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria leading to a range of novel approaches to control microbial infections being investigated ...

    • Antimicrobial Chemicals Are Associated with Elevated Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Indoor Dust Microbiome 

      Hartmann, Erica M.; Hickey, Roxana; Hsu, Tiffany; Betancourt Román, Clarisse M.; Chen, Jing; Schwager, Randall; Kline, Jeff; Brown, G. Z.; Halden, Rolf U.; Huttenhower, Curtis; Green, Jessica L. (American Chemical Society, 2016)
      Antibiotic resistance is increasingly widespread, largely due to human influence. Here, we explore the relationship between antibiotic resistance genes and the antimicrobial chemicals triclosan, triclocarban, and methyl-, ...

    • An Antimicrobial Peptidomimetic Induces Mucorales Cell Death through Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis 

      Barbu, E. Magda; Shirazi, Fazal; McGrath, Danielle M.; Albert, Nathaniel; Sidman, Richard L.; Pasqualini, Renata; Arap, Wadih; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      The incidence of mucormycosis has dramatically increased in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, the array of cellular targets whose inhibition results in fungal cell death is rather limited. Mitochondria have been ...

    • Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Inhibits Candida albicans Virulence Factors and ReducesIn VivoPathogenicity 

      Kato, Ilka Tiemy; Prates, Renato Araujo; Sabino, Caetano Padial; Tegos, George P.; Mylonakis, Eleftherios; Ribeiro, Martha Simões; Hamblin, Michael; Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn (American Society for Microbiology, 2012-11-05)
      The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Candida albicans exhibits altered pathogenicity characteristics following sublethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) and if such alterations are maintained ...

    • Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection 

      Fu, Xiu-jun; Fang, Yong; Yao, Min (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013)
      Nowadays methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common multidrug resistant bacteria both in hospitals and in the community. In the last two decades, there has been growing concern about the ...

    • Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides in Early Life: Ontogeny and Translational Opportunities 

      Battersby, Anna J.; Khara, Jasmeet; Wright, Victoria J.; Levy, Ofer; Kampmann, Beate (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)
      While developing adaptive immune responses, young infants are especially vulnerable to serious infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (APPs) are key effectors that ...

    • Antiparallel protocadherin homodimers use distinct affinity- and specificity-mediating regions in cadherin repeats 1-4 

      Nicoludis, John M; Vogt, Bennett E; Green, Anna G; Schärfe, Charlotta PI; Marks, Debora S; Gaudet, Rachelle (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2016)
      Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are cell adhesion and signaling proteins used by neurons to develop and maintain neuronal networks, relying on trans homophilic interactions between their extracellular cadherin (EC) repeat domains. ...

    • Antiplatelet Activity, P2Y1 and P2Y12 Inhibition, and Metabolism in Plasma of Stereoisomers of Diadenosine 5′,5′″-P1,P4-dithio-P2,P3-chloromethylenetetraphosphate 

      Chang, Hung; Yanachkov, Ivan B.; Dix, Edward J.; Yanachkova, Milka; Li, YouFu; Barnard, Marc R.; Wright, George E.; Michelson, Alan D.; Frelinger, Andrew L. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Background: Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a constituent of platelet dense granules, and its P1,P4-dithio and/or P2,P3-chloromethylene analogs, inhibit adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. We ...

    • Antiproliferative Factor Signaling and Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome 

      Kim, Jayoung; Freeman, Michael R. (Korean Continence Society, 2011)
      A unique glycopeptide, antiproliferative factor (APF), has been suggested as a urinary biomarker and potential mediator of long-term bladder disorder Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. There is no known cause ...

    • Antipsychotic pharmacogenomics in first episode psychosis: a role for glutamate genes 

      Stevenson, J M; Reilly, J L; Harris, M S H; Patel, S R; Weiden, P J; Prasad, K M; Badner, J A; Nimgaonkar, V L; Keshavan, M S; Sweeney, J A; Bishop, J R (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      Genetic factors may underlie beneficial and adverse responses to antipsychotic treatment. These relationships may be easier to identify among patients early in the course of disease who have limited exposure to antipsychotic ...