Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "Africa"
Now showing items 1-20 of 42
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Ancient Haplotypes at the 15q24.2 Microdeletion Region Are Linked to Brain Expression of MAN2C1 and Children's Intelligence
(Public Library of Science, 2016)The chromosome bands 15q24.1-15q24.3 contain a complex region with numerous segmental duplications that predispose to regional microduplications and microdeletions, both of which have been linked to intellectual disability, ... -
Assessing and Responding to Palliative Care Needs in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Results from a Model Intervention and Situation Analysis in Malawi
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Introduction: Palliative care is rarely accessible in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Partners In Health and the Malawi government established the Neno Palliative Care Program (NPCP) to provide palliative care in rural Neno ... -
The association between insurance status and in-hospital mortality on the public medical wards of a Kenyan referral hospital
(Co-Action Publishing, 2014)Background: Observational data in the United States suggests that those without health insurance have a higher mortality and worse health outcomes. A linkage between insurance coverage and outcomes in hospitalized patients ... -
Associations between Mental Health and Ebola-Related Health Behaviors: A Regionally Representative Cross-sectional Survey in Post-conflict Sierra Leone
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Little attention has been paid to potential relationships between mental health, trauma, and personal exposures to Ebola virus disease (EVD) and health behaviors in post-conflict West Africa. We tested a ... -
Baseline assessment of adult and adolescent primary care delivery in Rwanda: an opportunity for quality improvement
(BioMed Central, 2013)Background: As resource-limited health systems evolve to address complex diseases, attention must be returned to basic primary care delivery. Limited data exists detailing the quality of general adult and adolescent primary ... -
Bubble CPAP to support preterm infants in rural Rwanda: a retrospective cohort study
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Complications from premature birth contribute to 35 % of neonatal deaths globally; therefore, efforts to improve clinical outcomes of preterm (PT) infants are imperative. Bubble continuous positive airway ... -
Building from the HIV Response toward Universal Health Coverage
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Jonathan Jay and colleagues draw lessons from the the global HIV response that could help guide the universal health coverage movement. -
Community Cultural Norms, Stigma and Disclosure to Sexual Partners among Women Living with HIV in Thailand, Brazil and Zambia (HPTN 063)
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: Serostatus disclosure may facilitate decreased HIV transmission between serodiscordant partners by raising risk awareness and heightening the need for prevention. For women living with HIV (WLWH), the decision ... -
Cost-effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected African children less than 3 years of age
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015)Background: The International Maternal, Pediatric, and Adolescent Clinical Trials P1060 trial demonstrated superior outcomes for HIV-infected children less than 3 years old initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with ... -
Counseling Framework for HIV-Serodiscordant Couples on the Integrated Use of Antiretroviral Therapy and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention
(JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016)Background: For HIV-serodiscordant couples, integrated delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-positive partners and time-limited pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for negative partners virtually eliminates HIV ... -
Determinants of fertility in Rwanda in the context of a fertility transition: a secondary analysis of the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Major improvements to Rwanda’s health system, infrastructure, and social programs over the last decade have led to a rapid fertility transition unique from other African countries. The total fertility rate fell ... -
Discordance between clinical and immunological ART eligibility criteria for children in Malawi
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Since May 2014, all HIV positive children aged less than five years in Malawi are eligible for ART. For children older than five years they are eligible if they are in WHO stage III/IV, if stage I/II, if their ... -
Discordant Treatment Responses to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Rwanda: A Prospective Cohort Study
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Introduction: Some antiretroviral therapy naïve patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) experience a limited CD4 count rise despite virological suppression, or vice versa. We assessed the prevalence and ... -
Evaluation of the FACSPresto, a New Point of Care Device for the Enumeration of CD4% and Absolute CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Introduction: Enumeration of CD4+ T lymphocytes is important for pre-ART disease staging and screening for opportunistic infections, however access to CD4 testing in resource limited settings is poor. Point of care (POC) ... -
Facility-Based Delivery during the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Rural Liberia: Analysis from a Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Household Survey
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Background: The Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic has threatened access to basic health services through facility closures, resource diversion, and decreased demand due to community fear and distrust. While modeling studies ... -
Factors associated with postnatal care utilisation in Rwanda: A secondary analysis of 2010 Demographic and Health Survey data
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Postnatal care (PNC) in the first seven days is important for preventing morbidity and mortality in mothers and new-borns. Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for 62 % of maternal deaths globally, have ... -
A histological method for quantifying Plasmodium falciparum in the brain in fatal paediatric cerebral malaria
(BioMed Central, 2013)Background: The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in brain microvasculature through cytoadherence to endothelium, is the hallmark of the definitive diagnosis of cerebral malaria and plays a ... -
HIV Protective Efficacy and Correlates of Tenofovir Blood Concentrations in a Clinical Trial of PrEP for HIV Prevention
(JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2014)Background: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a novel HIV prevention strategy for which adherence is a known determinant of efficacy. Blood concentrations of PrEP medications are one objective marker of ... -
HIV-Free Survival among Nine- to 24-Month-Old Children Born to HIV-Positive Mothers in the Rwandan National PMTCT Programme: A Community-Based Household Survey
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: Operational effectiveness of large-scale national programmes for the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. We report on HIV-free survival among nine- ... -
HLA-A is a Predictor of Hepatitis B e Antigen Status in HIV-Positive African Adults
(Oxford University Press, 2015)Outcomes of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are varied, with increased morbidity reported in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. The factors driving different outcomes are not well ...