Browsing Harvard Medical School by Keyword "Cellular Structures"
Now showing items 1-16 of 16
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Automated Screening of Microtubule Growth Dynamics Identifies MARK2 as a Regulator of Leading Edge Microtubules Downstream of Rac1 in Migrating Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Polarized microtubule (MT) growth in the leading edge is critical to directed cell migration, and is mediated by Rac1 GTPase. To find downstream targets of Rac1 that affect MT assembly dynamics, we performed an RNAi screen ... -
A BAX/BAK and Cyclophilin D-Independent Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Most intrinsic death signals converge into the activation of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members BAX and BAK at the mitochondria, resulting in the release of cytochrome c and apoptosome activation. Chronic endoplasmic ... -
Cell Elasticity Determines Macrophage Function
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Macrophages serve to maintain organ homeostasis in response to challenges from injury, inflammation, malignancy, particulate exposure, or infection. Until now, receptor ligation has been understood as being the central ... -
Gas2l3, a Novel Constriction Site-Associated Protein Whose Regulation Is Mediated by the \(APC/C^{Cdh1}\) Complex
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Growth arrest-specific 2-like protein 3 (Gas2l3) was recently identified as an Actin/Tubulin cross-linker protein that regulates cytokinesis. Using cell-free systems from both frog eggs and human cells, we show that the ... -
High Resolution Helium Ion Scanning Microscopy of the Rat Kidney
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Helium ion scanning microscopy is a novel imaging technology with the potential to provide sub-nanometer resolution images of uncoated biological tissues. So far, however, it has been used mainly in materials science ... -
The Internal Architecture of Leukocyte Lipid Body Organelles Captured by Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy Tomography
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Lipid bodies (LBs), also known as lipid droplets, are complex organelles of all eukaryotic cells linked to a variety of biological functions as well as to the development of human diseases. In cells from the immune system, ... -
JunB Mediates Basal- and TGFβ1-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Contractility
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Smooth muscle contraction is a dynamic process driven by acto-myosin interactions that are controlled by multiple regulatory proteins. Our studies have shown that members of the AP-1 transcription factor family control ... -
Lipid Body–Phagosome Interaction in Macrophages during Infectious Diseases: Host Defense or Pathogen Survival Strategy?
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Phagocytosis of invading microorganisms by specialized cells such as macrophages and neutrophils is a key component of the innate immune response. These cells capture and engulf pathogens and subsequently destroy them in ... -
Loss of DJ-1 Does Not Affect Mitochondrial Respiration but Increases ROS Production and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Loss of function mutations in the DJ-1 gene have been linked to recessively inherited forms of Parkinsonism. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress are thought to be key events in the pathogenesis ... -
Mammalian E-type Cyclins Control Chromosome Pairing, Telomere Stability and CDK2 Localization in Male Meiosis
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Loss of function of cyclin E1 or E2, important regulators of the mitotic cell cycle, yields viable mice, but E2-deficient males display reduced fertility. To elucidate the role of E-type cyclins during spermatogenesis, we ... -
Mimicking p14ARF Phosphorylation Influences Its Ability to Restrain Cell Proliferation
(Public Library of Science, 2013)The INK4a/ARF locus on the short arm of chromosome 9 is one of the most frequently altered loci in human cancer. It is generally accepted that ARF is involved in oncogenic checkpoint pathways by sensitizing incipient cancer ... -
PGC-1α is Dispensable for Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Exercise confers numerous health benefits, many of which are thought to stem from exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis (EIMB) in skeletal muscle. The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, a potent regulator of metabolism ... -
QHREDGS Enhances Tube Formation, Metabolism and Survival of Endothelial Cells in Collagen-Chitosan Hydrogels
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Cell survival in complex, vascularized tissues, has been implicated as a major bottleneck in advancement of therapies based on cardiac tissue engineering. This limitation motivates the search for small, inexpensive molecules ... -
RanBP2/Nup358 Potentiates the Translation of a Subset of mRNAs Encoding Secretory Proteins
(Public Library of Science, 2013)In higher eukaryotes, most mRNAs that encode secreted or membrane-bound proteins contain elements that promote an alternative mRNA nuclear export (ALREX) pathway. Here we report that ALREX-promoting elements also potentiate ... -
The Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Huntingtin Degradation
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Huntington Disease (HD) is caused by an abnormal expansion of polyQ tract in the protein named huntingtin (Htt). HD pathology is featured by accumulation and aggregation of mutant Htt in striatal and cortical neurons. ... -
Vascular Disrupting Agent Drug Classes Differ in Effects on the Cytoskeleton
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), anti-cancer drugs that target established tumor blood vessels, fall into two main classes: microtubule targeting drugs, exemplified by combretastatin A4 (CA4), and flavonoids, exemplified ...