Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 13187-13206 of 17922
-
Prenatal maternal stress and wheeze in children: novel insights into epigenetic regulation
(Nature Publishing Group, 2016)Psychological stress during pregnancy increases the risk of childhood wheeze and asthma. However, the transmitting mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since epigenetic alterations have emerged as a link between perturbations ... -
Prenatal Organochlorine and Methylmercury Exposure and Memory and Learning in School-Age Children in Communities Near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site, Massachusetts
(NLM-Export, 2014)Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and methylmercury (MeHg) are environmentally persistent with adverse effects on neurodevelopment. However, especially among populations with commonly ... -
Prenatal Organochlorine Exposure and Measures of Behavior in Infancy Using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2008)Background: Previous literature suggests an association between organochlorines and behavioral measures in childhood, including inattention. Objective: This study was designed to assess whether prenatal organochlorine ... -
Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Leads to Hemispheric Differences in the Extracellular Concentrations of Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Serotonin in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Rats
(Frontiers Media SA, 2019-03-05)Exposure to prenatal protein malnutrition (PPM) leads to a reprogramming of the brain, altering executive functions involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study we used in vivo microdialysis to assess the effects ... -
Prenatal Protein Malnutrition Produces Resistance to Distraction Similar to Noradrenergic Deafferentation of the Prelimbic Cortex in a Sustained Attention Task
(Frontiers Media SA, 2019-02-19)Exposure to malnutrition early in development increases likelihood of neuropsychiatric disorders, affective processing disorders, and attentional problems later in life. Many of these impairments are hypothesized to arise ... -
Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated with Childhood DNA CpG Methylation
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Smoking while pregnant is associated with a myriad of negative health outcomes in the child. Some of the detrimental effects may be due to epigenetic modifications, although few studies have investigated this ... -
Prenatal Transmission of Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Brazil: Achieving Regional Targets for Elimination
(Oxford University Press, 2015)Background. The Pan-American Health Organization has called for reducing (1) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) to ≤0.30 infections/1000 live births (LB), (2) HIV MTCT risk to ≤2.0%, and ... -
Prenatal Vitamin Use and Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy, Differences by Race and Overweight Status
(2014)Objective: We aimed to study whether prenatal vitamin (PNV) use protects against low 25(OH)D levels in all women and particularly in obese and black women who are both at risk of vitamin D deficiency and poor pregnancy ... -
Preoperative Cardiac Stress Tests Ordered in the Preoperative Evaluation Clinic: A Retrospective Review of Ordering Patterns
(Elmer Press, 2019-02)Background The role of anesthesiologists has expanded from operating rooms to preoperative evaluation clinics. This role involves performing preoperative cardiovascular evaluation and optimization of patients before ... -
Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid β-Amyloid/Tau ratio and postoperative delirium
(BlackWell Publishing Ltd, 2014)Objective: The neuropathogenesis of postoperative delirium remains unknown. Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and high CSF Tau levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease. We, therefore, assessed ... -
Preoperative Cognitive Performance Dominates Risk for Delirium Among Older Adults
(SAGE Publications, 2016-11)Background Cognitive impairment is a well-recognized risk factor for delirium. Our goal was to determine if the level of cognitive performance across the non-demented cognitive ability spectrum is correlated with delirium ... -
Preoperative Embolization of Extra-axial Hypervascular Tumors with Onyx
(Korean Society of Cerebrovascular Surgeons; Society of Korean Endovascular Neurosurgeons, 2016)Objective: Preoperative endovascular embolization of intracranial tumors is performed to mitigate anticipated intraoperative blood loss. Although the usage of a wide array of embolic agents, particularly polyvinyl alcohol ... -
Preoperative Hyponatremia and Perioperative Complications
(American Medical Association (AMA), 2012-10-22)Background Although hyponatremia has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in a variety of medical conditions, its association with perioperative outcomes remains uncertain. Methods To determine whether ... -
Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophilia Are Independent Predictors of Recurrence in Patients with Localized Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015)Objective:. To evaluate the role of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in patients' prognosis with localized papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). Methods:. Data from 218 ... -
PrEP implementation: moving from trials to policy and practice
(International AIDS Society, 2015)Introduction: It is increasingly clear that the HIV response will not be sustainable if the number of infections is not significantly reduced. Discussion For two decades, research has been ongoing to identify new behavioural ... -
Preparation of Large Monodisperse Vesicles
(Public Library of Science, 2009)Preparation of monodisperse vesicles is important both for research purposes and for practical applications. While the extrusion of vesicles through small pores (~100 nm in diameter) results in relatively uniform populations ... -
Preparedness of HIV care and treatment clinics for the management of concomitant non–communicable diseases: a cross–sectional survey
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, epidemiological studies have reported an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) among people living with HIV. NCD management can be feasibly integrated into HIV care; however, ... -
Preparing residents for future practice: report of a curriculum for electronic patient–doctor communication
(BMJ, 2013)Objectives Patients frequently use secure web portals to access their medical record and communicate with their doctors, though few institutions currently train residents for electronic communication. We sought to develop ... -
Prepregnancy body mass index and risk of preterm birth: association heterogeneity by preterm subgroups
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: To evaluate the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with early vs. late and medically-induced vs. spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) subtypes. Methods: Using data from the Boston ... -
Prepregnancy Consumption of Fruits and Fruit Juices and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
(American Diabetes Association, 2012)OBJECTIVE Examine the association of prepregnancy habitual consumption of fruits and fruit juices and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study among women with at least one ...