Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title

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    • HIV Protective Efficacy and Correlates of Tenofovir Blood Concentrations in a Clinical Trial of PrEP for HIV Prevention 

      Donnell, Deborah; Baeten, Jared M.; Bumpus, Namandjé N.; Brantley, Justin; Bangsberg, David R.; Haberer, Jessica E.; Mujugira, Andrew; Mugo, Nelly; Ndase, Patrick; Hendrix, Craig; Celum, Connie (JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2014)
      Background: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a novel HIV prevention strategy for which adherence is a known determinant of efficacy. Blood concentrations of PrEP medications are one objective marker of ...

    • HIV Treatment-as-Prevention Research at a Crossroads 

      Bärnighausen, Till; Eyal, Nir; Wikler, Daniel (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      In light of changing WHO guidelines for HIV treatment, Till Bärnighausen and colleagues consider how large-scale HIV treatment-as-prevention trials can be adapted so that they can remain viable. Please see later in the ...

    • HIV Treatment-As-Prevention Research: Authors’ Reply 

      Bärnighausen, Till; Eyal, Nir; Wikler, Dan (Public Library of Science, 2015)
      Till Bärnighausen and colleagues respond to comments by the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team, noting the distinction between the different HIV prevention questions the trial will attempt to answer.

    • HIV Vaccine Design to Target Germline Precursors of Glycan-Dependent Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies 

      Steichen, Jon M.; Kulp, Daniel W.; Tokatlian, Talar; Escolano, Amelia; Dosenovic, Pia; Stanfield, Robyn L.; McCoy, Laura E.; Ozorowski, Gabriel; Hu, Xiaozhen; Kalyuzhniy, Oleksandr; Briney, Bryan; Schiffner, Torben; Garces, Fernando; Freund, Natalia T.; Gitlin, Alexander D.; Menis, Sergey; Georgeson, Erik; Kubitz, Michael; Adachi, Yumiko; Jones, Meaghan; Mutafyan, Andrew A.; Yun, Dong Soo; Mayer, Christian T.; Ward, Andrew B.; Burton, Dennis R.; Wilson, Ian A.; Irvine, Darrell J.; Nussenzweig, Michel C.; Schief, William R. (Cell Press, 2016)
      Summary Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the N332 supersite of the HIV envelope (Env) trimer are the most common bnAbs induced during infection, making them promising leads for vaccine design. Wild-type Env ...

    • HIV-1 Antibody Neutralization Breadth Is Associated with Enhanced HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses 

      Ranasinghe, Srinika; Soghoian, Damien; Lindqvist, Madelene; Ghebremichael, Musie; Donaghey, Faith; Carrington, Mary; Seaman, Michael; Kaufmann, Daniel; Walker, Bruce; Porichis, Filippos (American Society for Microbiology, 2016)
      Antigen-specific CD4(+) T helper cell responses have long been recognized to be a critical component of effective vaccine immunity. CD4(+) T cells are necessary to generate and maintain humoral immune responses by providing ...

    • HIV-1 Envelope Trimer Elicits Higher Neutralizing Antibody Responses than Monomeric Gp120 

      Kovacs, James Monroe; Nkolola, Joseph Patrick; Peng, H; Cheung, A; Perry, J; Miller, CA; Seaman, Michael S.; Barouch, Dan Hung; Chen, Bing (BioMed Central, 2012)

    • HIV-1 Integration Favors Genes Associated With Promoter-Proximal Pol II Pausing 

      Singh, Parmit; Annamalai, Arun; Kvaratkshelia, Mamuka; Engelman, Alan (2021-05)
      HIV-1 integration targeting is mediated by interactions of viral integrase and capsid with LEDGF/p75 and CPSF6, respectively. HIV-1 also prefers to integrate into highly spliced genes, but the role of pre-mRNA splicing in ...

    • HIV-1 persistence in CD4+ T cells with stem cell-like properties 

      Buzon, Maria J.; Sun, Hong; Li, Chun; Shaw, Amy; Seiss, Katherine; Ouyang, Zhengyu; Martin-Gayo, Enrique; Leng, Jin; Henrich, Timothy J.; Li, Jonathan Z.; Pereyra, Florencia; Zurakowski, Ryan; Walker, Bruce D.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Yu, Xu G.; Lichterfeld, Mathias (2014)
      Cellular HIV-1 reservoirs that persist despite antiretroviral treatment are incompletely defined. We show that during suppressive antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ T memory stem cells (TSCM) harbor high per-cell levels of HIV-1 ...

    • HIV-1 Preferentially Targets Genes Regulated by PAF-1 and U2 snRNP for Integration 

      Singh, Parmit; Annamalai, Arun; Kvaratkshelia, Mamuka; Engelman, Alan (2023-08-04)
      Pre-mRNA splicing is coupled with promoter-proximal Pol II pausing and alternative polyadenylation (APA). Splicing inhibitors increase pausing and the use of proximal polyadenylation sites (PAS) in intron rich genes by ...

    • HIV-1 Tat second exon limits the extent of Tat-mediated modulation of interferon-stimulated genes in antigen presenting cells 

      Kukkonen, Sami; Martinez-Viedma, Maria Del Pilar; Kim, Nayoung; Manrique, Mariana; Aldovini, Anna (BioMed Central, 2014)
      Background: We have shown that HIV-1 Tat interaction with MAP2K3, MAP2K6, and IRF7 promoters is key to IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) activation in immature dendritic cells and macrophages. Results: We evaluated how Tat alleles ...

    • HIV-1-Induced Small T Cell Syncytia Can Transfer Virus Particles to Target Cells through Transient Contacts 

      Symeonides, Menelaos; Murooka, Thomas T.; Bellfy, Lauren N.; Roy, Nathan H.; Mempel, Thorsten R.; Thali, Markus (MDPI, 2015)
      HIV-1 Env mediates fusion of viral and target cell membranes, but it can also mediate fusion of infected (producer) and target cells, thus triggering the formation of multinucleated cells, so-called syncytia. Large, round, ...

    • HIV-2 Encephalitis: Case Report and Literature Review 

      Wood, Brian R.; Klein, Joshua Peter; Lyons, Jennifer L; Milner, Danny Arnold; Phillips, Richard; Schutten, Martin; Folkerth, Rebecca Dunn; Ciarlini, Pedro; Henrich, Timothy Jensen; Johnson, Jennifer Ann (Mary Ann Liebert, 2012)
      We report the case of a 59-year-old man who moved from Cape Verde to Massachusetts at the age of 29. He had multiple sexual contacts with female partners in Cape Verde and with West African women in Massachusetts, as well ...

    • HIV-associated bladder cancer: a case series evaluating difficulties in diagnosis and management 

      Gaughan, Elizabeth Mary; Dezube, Bruce J; Bower, Mark; Aboulafia, David M; Bohac, Gerry; Cooley, Timothy P; Pantanowitz, Liron (BioMed Central, 2009)
      Background: Chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased incidence of Non-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (non-AIDS) defining cancers. To date, only a limited number of cases of ...

    • HIV-Care Outcome in Saudi Arabia; a Longitudinal Cohort 

      Al-Mozaini, Maha A.; Mansour, Michael K.; Al-Hokail, Abdullah A.; Mohmed, Magid A.; Daham, Munirah A. Bin; Al-Abdely, Hail M.; Frayha, Husn H.; Al-Rabiah, Fahad A.; Alhajjar, Sami H.; Keshavjee, Salmaan; Adra, Chaker N.; Alrajhi, Abdulrahman A. (2014)
      Background: Clinical characteristics of HIV-1 infection in people inhabiting Western, Sub-Saharan African, and South-East Asian countries are well recognized. However, very little information is available with regard to ...

    • HIV-Derived ssRNA Binds to TLR8 to Induce Inflammation-Driven Macrophage Foam Cell Formation 

      Bernard, Mark A.; Han, Xinbing; Inderbitzin, Sonya; Agbim, Ifunanya; Zhao, Hui; Koziel, Henry; Tachado, Souvenir D. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Even though combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) dramatically improves patient survival, they remain at a higher risk of being afflicted with non-infectious complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This ...

    • HIV-exposed children account for more than half of 24-month mortality in Botswana 

      Zash, Rebecca; Souda, Sajini; Leidner, Jean; Ribaudo, Heather; Binda, Kelebogile; Moyo, Sikhulile; Powis, Kathleen M.; Petlo, Chipo; Mmalane, Mompati; Makhema, Joe; Essex, Max; Lockman, Shahin; Shapiro, Roger (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: The contribution of HIV-exposure to childhood mortality in a setting with widespread antiretroviral treatment (ART) availability has not been determined. Methods: From January 2012 to March 2013, mothers were ...

    • HIV-Free Survival among Nine- to 24-Month-Old Children Born to HIV-Positive Mothers in the Rwandan National PMTCT Programme: A Community-Based Household Survey 

      Ruton, Hinda; Mugwaneza, Placidie; Shema, Nadine; Lyambabaje, Alexandre; Bizimana, Jean de Dieu; Tsague, Landry; Nyankesha, Elevanie; Wagner, Claire M; Mutabazi, Vincent; Nyemazi, Jean Pierre; Nsanzimana, Sabin; Karema, Corine; Binagwaho, Agnes (BioMed Central, 2012)
      Background: Operational effectiveness of large-scale national programmes for the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. We report on HIV-free survival among nine- ...

    • HIV-infected T cells are migratory vehicles for viral dissemination 

      Murooka, Thomas; Deruaz, Maud; Marangoni, Francesco; Vrbanac, Vladimir; Seung, Edward N.; Von Andrian, Ulrich H.; Tager, Andrew Martin; Luster, Andrew David; Mempel, Thorsten Roman (2012)
      After host entry through mucosal surfaces, HIV-1 disseminates to lymphoid tissues to establish a generalized infection of the immune system. The mechanisms by which this virus spreads among permissive target cells locally ...

    • HIV-related Stigma in Rural and Tribal Communities of Maharashtra, India 

      Vlassoff, Carol; Weiss, Mitchell Gralnick; Rao, Shobha; Ali, Firdaus; Prentice, Tracey (Springer Science + Business Media, 2013)
      Stigma is a recognized barrier to early detection of HIV and causes great suffering for those affected. This paper examines HIV-related stigma in rural and tribal communities of Maharashtra, an area of relatively high HIV ...

    • HIV-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses to Different Viral Proteins Have Discordant Associations with Viral Load and Clinical Outcome 

      Ranasinghe, Srinika; Flanders, Michael; Cutler, Sam; Soghoian, Damien Z.; Ghebremichael, Musie; Davis, Isaiah; Lindqvist, Madelene; Pereyra, Florencia; Walker, Bruce D.; Heckerman, David; Streeck, Hendrik (American Society for Microbiology, 2012)
      A successful prophylactic vaccine is characterized by long-lived immunity, which is critically dependent on CD4 T cell-mediated helper signals. Indeed, most licensed vaccines induce antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses, ...