Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "biochemistry"
Now showing items 21-40 of 81
-
Evaluation of Silk Biomaterials in Combination with Extracellular Matrix Coatings for Bladder Tissue Engineering with Primary and Pluripotent Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Silk-based biomaterials in combination with extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings were assessed as templates for cell-seeded bladder tissue engineering approaches. Two structurally diverse groups of silk scaffolds were ... -
The Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxi1 Is a Master Regulator of Vacuolar H\(^+\)-ATPase Proton Pump Subunits in the Inner Ear, Kidney and Epididymis
(Public Library of Science, 2009)The vacuolar H\(^+\)-ATPase dependent transport of protons across cytoplasmic membranes in FORE (forkhead related) cells of endolymphatic epithelium in the inner ear, intercalated cells of collecting ducts in the kidney ... -
Formation of Toxic Oligomeric α-Synuclein Species in Living Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Background: Misfolding, oligomerization, and fibrillization of α-synuclein are thought to be central events in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders. Although fibrillar α-synuclein is ... -
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Circulating Phospho- and Sphingolipid Concentrations
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Phospho- and sphingolipids are crucial cellular and intracellular compounds. These lipids are required for active transport, a number of enzymatic processes, membrane formation, and cell signalling. Disruption of their ... -
Genome-Wide Identification of Calcium-Response Factor (CaRF) Binding Sites Predicts a Role in Regulation of Neuronal Signaling Pathways
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Calcium-Response Factor (CaRF) was first identified as a transcription factor based on its affinity for a neuronal-selective calcium-response element (CaRE1) in the gene encoding Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). ... -
Hem-1 Complexes Are Essential for Rac Activation, Actin Polymerization, and Myosin Regulation during Neutrophil Chemotaxis
(Public Library of Science, 2006)Migrating cells need to make different actin assemblies at the cell's leading and trailing edges and to maintain physical separation of signals for these assemblies. This asymmetric control of activities represents one ... -
HIF-Independent Regulation of Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Contributes to the High Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species Induced by Hypoxia
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions mainly involves transcriptional changes in which hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) play a critical role. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF protein is stabilized due to inhibition of the ... -
A High-Throughput Screen Identifies a New Natural Product with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Due to the inexorable invasion of our hospitals and communities by drug-resistant bacteria, there is a pressing need for novel antibacterial agents. Here we report the development of a sensitive and robust but low-tech and ... -
HSPG-Binding Peptide Corresponding to the Exon 6a-Encoded Domain of VEGF Inhibits Tumor Growth by Blocking Angiogenesis in Murine Model
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF165 is a critical element for development of the vascular system in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF isoforms have different affinities for heparan sulphate proteoglycan ... -
Identification and Rational Redesign of Peptide Ligands to CRIP1, A Novel Biomarker for Cancers
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1) has been identified as a novel marker for early detection of cancers. Here we report on the use of phage display in combination with molecular modeling to identify a high-affinity ... -
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S Using a Yeast Phenotypic Screen
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that is a key factor in the mortality of cystic fibrosis patients, and infection represents an increased threat for human health worldwide. Because resistance of ... -
Identification of Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase Inhibitors That Kill Cestode and Trematode Parasites
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Parasitic flatworms are responsible for serious infectious diseases that affect humans as well as livestock animals in vast regions of the world. Yet, the drug armamentarium available for treatment of these infections is ... -
Impact of Circulating Cholesterol Levels on Growth and Intratumoral Androgen Concentration of Prostate Tumors
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to tumor involution and reduction of tumor burden. However, tumors eventually reemerge that have overcome the absence ... -
Induction of Erythroid Differentiation in Human Erythroleukemia Cells by Depletion of Malic Enzyme 2
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Malic enzyme 2 (ME2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate and CO2 and uses NAD as a cofactor. Higher expression of this enzyme correlates with the degree of cell de-differentiation. ... -
Inhibition of GSK3 Phosphorylation of β-Catenin via Phosphorylated PPPSPXS Motifs of Wnt Coreceptor LRP6
(Public Library of Science, 2009)The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays essential roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, and deregulated β-catenin protein levels lead to many types of human cancers. On activation by Wnt, the Wnt co-receptor ... -
Integrative Genomic Data Mining for Discovery of Potential Blood-Borne Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Cancer
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Background: With the arrival of the postgenomic era, there is increasing interest in the discovery of biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and early detection of cancer. Blood-borne cancer markers are favored ... -
The Internal Sequence of the Peptide-Substrate Determines Its N-Terminus Trimming by ERAP1
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Background: Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) trims N-terminally extended antigenic peptide precursors down to mature antigenic peptides for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ... -
IQGAP1-Dependent Signaling Pathway Regulates Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis
(Public Library of Science, 2008)Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling is an obligate requirement for normal development and pathological angiogenesis such as cancer and age-related macular degeneration. Although ... -
Kinetics of Proton Transport into Influenza Virions by the Viral M2 Channel
(Public Library of Science, 2012)M2 protein of influenza A viruses is a tetrameric transmembrane proton channel, which has essential functions both early and late in the virus infectious cycle. Previous studies of proton transport by M2 have been limited ... -
Knowledge-Based Reconstruction of mRNA Transcripts with Short Sequencing Reads for Transcriptome Research
(Public Library of Science, 2012)While most transcriptome analyses in high-throughput clinical studies focus on gene level expression, the existence of alternative isoforms of gene transcripts is a major source of the diversity in the biological functionalities ...