Now showing items 21-40 of 58

    • Epstein–Barr Virus MicroRNAs Are Evolutionarily Conserved and Differentially Expressed 

      Cai, Xuezhong; Schäfer, Alexandra; Lu, Shihua; Bilello, John P; Desrosiers, Ronald C.; Edwards, Rachel; Raab-Traub, Nancy; Cullen, Bryan R (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      The pathogenic lymphocryptovirus Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is shown to express at least 17 distinct microRNAs (miRNAs) in latently infected cells. These are arranged in two clusters: 14 miRNAs are located in the introns of ...
    • Evidence of Differential HLA Class I-Mediated Viral Evolution in Functional and Accessory/Regulatory Genes of HIV-1 

      Brumme, Zabrina L; Brumme, Chanson J; Heckerman, David; Korber, Bette T; Daniels, Marcus; Kadie, Carl; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Chui, Celia; Szinger, James; Mo, Theresa; Hogg, Robert S; Montaner, Julio S. G; Frahm, Nicole; Harrigan, P. Richard; Carlson, Jonathan Courtland; Brander, Christian; Walker, Bruce David (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      Despite the formidable mutational capacity and sequence diversity of HIV-1, evidence suggests that viral evolution in response to specific selective pressures follows generally predictable mutational pathways. Population-based ...
    • Evidence of Molecular Evolution Driven by Recombination Events Influencing Tropism in a Novel Human Adenovirus that Causes Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis 

      Walsh, Michael P.; Chintakuntlawar, Ashish; Harrach, Balázs; Hudson, Nolan R.; Schnurr, David; Heim, Albert; Seto, Donald; Jones, Morris S.; Robinson, Christopher; Madisch, Ijad; Chodosh, James (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      In 2005, a human adenovirus strain (formerly known as HAdV-D22/H8 but renamed here HAdV-D53) was isolated from an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctititis (EKC), a disease that is usually caused by HAdV-D8, -D19, or -D37, ...
    • Evolution of a TRIM5-CypA Splice Isoform in Old World Monkeys 

      Newman, Ruchi M.; Hall, Laura R; Kirmaier, Andrea; Pozzi, Lu-Ann; Pery, Erez; Farzan, Michael Reynolds; O'Neil, Shawn P.; Johnson, Welkin Eric (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      The TRIM family proteins share a conserved arrangement of three adjacent domains, an N-terminal RING domain, followed by one or two B-boxes and a coiled-coil, which constitutes the tripartite-motif for which the family is ...
    • The Hexamer Structure of the Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleoprotein Suggests a Mechanism for its Assembly into Ribonucleoprotein Complexes 

      Danek, Eric I.; Luo, Dahai; Wong, Yeehwa; Coutard, Bruno; Lantez, Violaine; Canard, Bruno; Lescar, Julien; Ferron, François; Charrel, Rémi; Li, Zongli; Walz, Thomas (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a Phlebovirus with a genome consisting of three single-stranded RNA segments, is spread by infected mosquitoes and causes large viral outbreaks in Africa. RVFV encodes a nucleoprotein (N) ...
    • Impaired hepatitis C virus-specific T cell responses and recurrent hepatitis C virus in HIV coinfection 

      Kim, Arthur Yu-Shin; Schulze zur Wiesch, Julian; Kuntzen, Thomas; Timm, Joerg; Kaufmann, Daniel; Duncan, Jared E.; Jones, Andrea M.; Wurcel, Alysse G.; Davis, Benjamin Thomas; Gandhi, Rajesh Tim; Robbins, Gregory Kimball; Allen, Todd; Chung, Raymond Taeyong; Lauer, Georg; Walker, Bruce David (Public Library of Science, 2006)
      Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses are critical for spontaneous resolution of HCV viremia. Here we examined the effect of a lymphotropic virus, HIV-1, on the ability of coinfected patients to ...
    • Increased Breadth and Depth of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Responses against HIV-1-B Nef by Inclusion of Epitope Variant Sequences 

      Rolland, Morgane; Frahm, Nicole; Nickle, David C.; Jojic, Nebojsa; Deng, Wenjie; Allen, Todd; Brander, Christian; Heckerman, David E.; Mullins, James I. (Public Library of Science, 2011)
      Different vaccine approaches cope with HIV-1 diversity, ranging from centralized to variability-encompassing antigens. For all these strategies, a concern remains: how does HIV-1 diversity impact epitope recognition by the ...
    • Inducing Cross-Clade Neutralizing Antibodies against HIV-1 by Immunofocusing 

      Humbert, Michael; Rasmussen, Robert Anthony; Ong, Helena; Kaiser, Fabian M. P.; Hu, Shiu-Lok; Ruprecht, Ruth Margrit (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Background: Although vaccines are important in preventing viral infections by inducing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), HIV-1 has proven to be a difficult target and escapes humoral immunity through various mechanisms. We ...
    • Kinetics of Proton Transport into Influenza Virions by the Viral M2 Channel 

      Ivanovic, Tijana; Rozendaal, Rutger; Floyd, Daniel Lee; Popovic, Milos; van Oijen, Antoine M.; Harrison, Stephen C. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      M2 protein of influenza A viruses is a tetrameric transmembrane proton channel, which has essential functions both early and late in the virus infectious cycle. Previous studies of proton transport by M2 have been limited ...
    • The Lentiviral Integrase Binding Protein LEDGF/p75 and HIV-1 Replication 

      Engelman, Alan N.; Cherepanov, Peter (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Retroviral replication proceeds through a stable proviral DNA intermediate, and numerous host cell factors have been implicated in its formation. In particular, recent results have highlighted an important role for the ...
    • Microbial Translocation Is Associated with Increased Monocyte Activation and Dementia in AIDS Patients 

      Ancuta, Petronela; Kunstman, Kevin J.; Kim, Eun-Young; Autissier, Patrick; Zaman, Tauheed; Stone, David; Morgello, Susan; Singer, Elyse J.; Wolinsky, Steven M.; Kamat, Anupa U; Wurcel, Alysse Gail; Mefford, Megan; Gabuzda, Dana Helga (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an indicator of microbial translocation from the gut, is a likely cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. LPS induces monocyte activation and trafficking into ...
    • Mutational Escape in HIV-1 CTL Epitopes Leads to Increased Binding to Inhibitory Myelomonocytic MHC Class I Receptors 

      Yang, Yue; Huang, Jinghe; Toth, Ildiko; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Yu, Xu (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Escape mutations in HIV-1 cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitopes can abrogate recognition by the TCR of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells, but may also change interactions with alternative MHC class I receptors. Here, we show that ...
    • Myocarditis in CD8-Depleted SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques after Short-Term Dual Therapy with Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors 

      Annamalai, Lakshmanan; Westmoreland, Susan V.; Domingues, Heber; Walsh, Dennis G.; Gonzalez, Ramon Gilberto; O'Neil, Shawn P. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection, a number of antiretroviral toxicities have been described, including ...
    • Non-Human Primate Model of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection 

      Chang, Heesoon; Lee, Jong-Soo; Lee, Hye-Ra; Vieira, Jeffrey; Wachtman, Lynn M; Pearson, Christine B; Lee, Steven H; Mansfield, Keith G.; Jung, Jae Ung (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Since Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8) was first identified in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions of HIV-infected individuals with AIDS, the basic biological understanding of KSHV has ...
    • Novel HIV-1 Knockdown Targets Identified by an Enriched Kinases/Phosphatases shRNA Library Using a Long-Term Iterative Screen in Jurkat T-Cells 

      Moita, Luis Ferreira; Goncalves, Joao; Schwartz, Olivier; Rato, Sylvie; Maia, Sara; Brito, Paula M.; Resende, Leonor; Pereira, Carina F.; Moita, Catarina; Freitas, Rui P.; Moniz-Pereira, José; Hacohen, Nir (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      HIV-1 is a complex retrovirus that uses host machinery to promote its replication. Understanding cellular proteins involved in the multistep process of HIV-1 infection may result in the discovery of more adapted and effective ...
    • Phylogenetic Dependency Networks: Inferring Patterns of CTL Escape and Codon Covariation in HIV-1 Gag 

      Brumme, Zabrina L.; Rousseau, Christine M.; Brumme, Chanson J.; Matthews, Philippa; Kadie, Carl; Mullins, James I.; Harrigan, P. Richard; Heckerman, David; Carlson, Jonathan M.; Walker, Bruce David; Goulder, Philip J. (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      HIV avoids elimination by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) through the evolution of escape mutations. Although there is mounting evidence that these escape pathways are broadly consistent among individuals with similar human ...
    • A Plasma Biomarker Signature of Immune Activation in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy 

      Kamat, Anupa U; Misra, Vikas; Cassol, Edana; Ancuta, Petronela; Yan, Zhenyu; Li, Cheng; Morgello, Susan; Gabuzda, Dana Helga (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Background: Immune activation is a strong predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Combinatorial plasma biomarker signatures that represent surrogate markers of immune activation in both viremic and aviremic HIV ...
    • Predictors of Poor CD4 and Weight Recovery in HIV-Infected Children Initiating ART in South Africa 

      Phungula, Thuli; Zanoni, Holly M.; France, Holly; Feeney, Margaret E.; Zanoni, Brian C.; Cook, Earl F. (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      Objective: To identify baseline demographic and clinical risk factors associated with poor CD4 and weight response after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected ...
    • Protein Expression Redirects Vesicular Stomatitis Virus RNA Synthesis to Cytoplasmic Inclusions 

      Heinrich, Bianca Susanne; Cureton, David Kirk; Rahmeh, Amal Ali; Whelan, Sean P.J. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Positive-strand and double-strand RNA viruses typically compartmentalize their replication machinery in infected cells. This is thought to shield viral RNA from detection by innate immune sensors and favor RNA synthesis. ...
    • Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals Neuroprotection by Oral Minocycline in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Accelerated NeuroAIDS 

      Bombardier, Jeffrey P.; Annamalai, Lakshmanan; Burdo, Tricia H.; Fell, Robert; Hakimelahi, Reza; He, Julian; Autissier, Patrick; Masliah, Eliezer; Williams, Kenneth C.; González, R. Gilberto; Ratai, Eva-Maria; Joo, Chan-Gyu; Campbell, Jennifer; Lentz, Margaret R.; Halpern, Elkan F.; Westmoreland, Susan V. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: Despite the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders continue to be a significant problem. In efforts to understand and alleviate neurocognitive deficits ...