Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 10466-10485 of 17922

    • Microbial Bile Acid Metabolites Modulate Gut RORγ+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis 

      Song, Xinyang; Sun, Ximei; Oh, Sungwhan F.; Wu, Meng; Zhang, Yanbo; Zheng, Wen; Geva Zatorsky, Naama; Jupp, Ray; Mathis, Diane; Benoist, Christophe; Kasper, Dennis (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-01-16)
      The metabolic pathways encoded by the human gut microbiome constantly interact with host gene products through numerous bioactive molecules1. Primary bile acids (BAs) are synthesized within hepatocytes and released into ...

    • Microbial colonization influences early B-lineage development in the gut lamina propria 

      Wesemann, Duane R.; Portuguese, Andrew J.; Meyers, Robin M.; Gallagher, Michael P.; Cluff-Jones, Kendra; Magee, Jennifer M.; Panchakshari, Rohit A.; Rodig, Scott J.; Kepler, Thomas B.; Alt, Frederick W. (2013)
      The RAG1/RAG2 endonuclease ("RAG") initiates the V(D)J recombination reaction that assembles Ig heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chain variable region exons from germline gene segments to generate primary antibody repertoires1. ...

    • Microbial Efflux Systems and Inhibitors: Approaches to Drug Discovery and the Challenge of Clinical Implementation 

      Kourtesi, Christina; Ball, Anthony R; Huang, Ying-Ying; Jachak, Sanjay M; Vera, D Mariano A; Khondkar, Proma; Gibbons, Simon; Hamblin, Michael; Tegos, George (Bentham Open, 2013)
      Conventional antimicrobials are increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The need to overcome these deficiencies has triggered exploration for novel and ...

    • Microbial Reprogramming Inhibits Western Diet-Associated Obesity 

      Poutahidis, Theofilos; Kleinewietfeld, Markus; Smillie, Christopher; Levkovich, Tatiana; Perrotta, Alison; Bhela, Siddheshvar; Varian, Bernard J.; Ibrahim, Yassin M.; Lakritz, Jessica R.; Kearney, Sean M.; Chatzigiagkos, Antonis; Hafler, David A.; Alm, Eric J.; Erdman, Susan E. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      A recent epidemiological study showed that eating ‘fast food’ items such as potato chips increased likelihood of obesity, whereas eating yogurt prevented age-associated weight gain in humans. It was demonstrated previously ...

    • The Microbial Spectrum of Neonatal Sepsis in Uganda: Recovery of Culturable Bacteria in Mother-Infant Pairs 

      Kiwanuka, Julius; Bazira, Joel; Mwanga, Juliet; Tumusiime, Dickson; Nyesigire, Eunice; Lwanga, Nkangi; Warf, Benjamin C.; Kapur, Vivek; Poss, Mary; Schiff, Steven J. (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      Neonatal sepsis in the developing world is incompletely characterized. We seek to characterize the microbial spectrum involved in sepsis and determine the role of maternal transmission by comparing organisms that can be ...

    • Microbial sphingomyelinase induces RhoA-mediated reorganization of the apical brush border membrane and is protective against invasion 

      Saslowsky, David E.; Thiagarajah, Jay R.; McCormick, Beth A.; Lee, Jean C.; Lencer, Wayne I. (The American Society for Cell Biology, 2016)
      The apical brush border membrane (BBM) of intestinal epithelial cells forms a highly structured and dynamic environmental interface that serves to regulate cellular physiology and block invasion by intestinal microbes and ...

    • Microbial Telesensing: Probing the Environment for Friends, Foes, and Food 

      Roux, Agnès; Payne, Shelley M.; Gilmore, Michael S. (Elsevier BV, 2009)
      Bacterial sensing circuits may be triggered by molecules originating from the environment (e.g., nutrients, chemoattractants). Bacteria also actively probe the environment for information, by releasing molecular probes to ...

    • Microbial TLR Agonists and Humoral Immunopathogenesis in HIV Disease 

      Yu, Xiaocong; Li, Zihai; Zhou, Zhenxian; Kilby, J Michael; Jiang, Wei (2013)
      Although T cells are the primary and most-studied targets of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), B cells, especially memory B lymphocytes, are also chronically depleted in the course of HIV disease. Although the lack ...

    • Microbial Translocation Is Associated with Increased Monocyte Activation and Dementia in AIDS Patients 

      Ancuta, Petronela; Kunstman, Kevin J.; Kim, Eun-Young; Autissier, Patrick; Zaman, Tauheed; Stone, David; Morgello, Susan; Singer, Elyse J.; Wolinsky, Steven M.; Kamat, Anupa U; Wurcel, Alysse Gail; Mefford, Megan; Gabuzda, Dana Helga (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an indicator of microbial translocation from the gut, is a likely cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. LPS induces monocyte activation and trafficking into ...

    • Microbiome and mental health in the modern environment 

      Deans, Emily (BioMed Central, 2016)
      A revolution in the understanding of the pathophysiology of mental illness combined with new knowledge about host/microbiome interactions and psychoneuroimmunology has opened an entirely new field of study, the “psychobiotics”. ...

    • The Microbiome and Risk for Atherosclerosis 

      Komaroff, Anthony L. (American Medical Association (AMA), 2018)

    • The Microbiome and Risk for Obesity and Diabetes 

      Komaroff, Anthony L. (American Medical Association (AMA), 2017)
      besity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are influenced both by genes and lifestyle. That is not news. However, the genes in the human microbiome also may play an important role, and that is news. It has been known for decades ...

    • The Microbiome, Systemic Immune Function, and Allotransplantation 

      Nellore, Anoma; Fishman, Jay Alan (American Society for Microbiology, 2015)
      Diverse effects of the microbiome on solid organ transplantation are beginning to be recognized. In allograft recipients, microbial networks are disrupted by immunosuppression, nosocomial and community-based infectious ...

    • Microbiota-Targeted Maternal Antibodies Protect Neonates From Enteric Infection 

      Zheng, Wen; Zhao, Wenjing; Wu, Meng; Song, Xinyang; Caro, Florence; Sun, Ximei; Gazzaniga, Francesca; Stefanetti, Giuseppe; Oh, Sungwhan; Mekalanos, John; Kasper, Dennis (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-01-23)
      Although maternal antibodies protect newborns from infection, little is known about how protective antibodies are induced without prior pathogen exposure. Here we show that neonatal mice lacking the capacity to produce IgG ...

    • Microcarrier-Based Expansion of Adult Murine Side Population Stem Cells 

      Pacak, Christina Ann; Eddy, Mau-Thek; Woodhull, Lindsey; Wang, Kai-Roy; Alpatov, Ivan; Fullen, Shelby; Dowd, Rory P.; Choi, Yeong-Hoon; Cowan, Douglas Burr (Public Library of Science, 2013)
      The lack of reliable methods to efficiently isolate and propagate stem cell populations is a significant obstacle to the advancement of cell-based therapies for human diseases. One isolation technique is based on efflux ...

    • A Microchip CD4 Counting Method for HIV Monitoring in Resource-Poor Settings 

      Christodoulides, Nicolaos; Floriano, Pierre N; Graham, Susan; Mohanty, Sanghamitra; Dixon, Meredith; Hsiang, Mina; Peter, Trevor; Zavahir, Shabnam; Romanovicz, Dwight; Bernard, Bruce; Goodey, Adrian P; McDevitt, John T; Rodriguez, William Richard; Thior, Ibou; Walker, Bruce David (Public Library of Science, 2005)
      Background: More than 35 million people in developing countries are living with HIV infection. An enormous global effort is now underway to bring antiretroviral treatment to at least 3 million of those infected. While drug ...

    • Microdeformation of Three-Dimensional Cultured Fibroblasts Induces Gene Expression and Morphological Changes 

      Lu, Feng; Ogawa, Rei; Nguyen, Dinh T.; Chen, Bin; Guo, Danfeng; Helm, Douglas; Zhan, Qian; Murphy, George Francis; Orgill, Dennis Paul (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2011)
      Background: Vacuum-assisted closure induces microdeformations of the wound surface and accelerates healing of complex wounds; however, a thorough understanding of the biology of cellular mechanotransduction is lacking. We ...

    • The Microenvironment Determines the Breast Cancer Cells' Phenotype: Organization of MCF7 Cells in 3D Cultures 

      Krause, Silva; Maffini, Maricel V.; Soto, Ana M.; Sonnenschein, Carlos (BioMed Central, 2010)
      Background: Stromal-epithelial interactions mediate breast development, and the initiation and progression of breast cancer. In the present study, we developed 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro models to study breast cancer ...

    • The Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Progression: Biology and Implications for Treatment 

      Place, Andrew Elliott; Huh, Sung Jin; Polyak, Kornelia (BioMed Central, 2011)
      Breast cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies derived from the ductal epithelium. The microenvironment of these cancers is now recognized as a critical participant in tumor progression and therapeutic ...

    • A Microfabricated Platform for Generating Physiologically-Relevant Hepatocyte Zonation 

      McCarty, William J.; Usta, O. Berk; Yarmush, Martin L. (Nature Publishing Group, 2016)
      In vitro liver models have been important tools for more than 40 years for academic research and preclinical toxicity screening by the pharmaceutical industry. Hepatocytes, the highly metabolic parenchymal cells of the ...