Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "Biology"
Now showing items 1-20 of 725
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3D Multi-isotope Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Penetration of \(^{18}O\)-Trehalose in Mouse Sperm Nucleus
(Public Library of Science, 2012)The prevalence of genetically engineered mice in medical research has led to ever increasing storage costs. Trehalose has a significant beneficial effect in preserving the developmental potential of mouse sperm following ... -
Aag DNA Glycosylase Promotes Alkylation-Induced Tissue Damage Mediated by Parp1
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Alkylating agents comprise a major class of front-line cancer chemotherapeutic compounds, and while these agents effectively kill tumor cells, they also damage healthy tissues. Although base excision repair (BER) is essential ... -
AAV-Mediated Administration of Myostatin Pro-Peptide Mutant in Adult Ldlr Null Mice Reduces Diet-Induced Hepatosteatosis and Arteriosclerosis
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Genetic disruption of myostatin or its related signaling is known to cause strong protection against diet-induced metabolic disorders. The translational value of these prior findings, however, is dependent on whether such ... -
abd-A Regulation by the iab-8 Noncoding RNA
(Public Library of Science, 2012)The homeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster are aligned on the chromosome in the order of the body segments that they affect. The genes affecting the more posterior segments repress the more anterior genes. This posterior ... -
The Ability of Flux Balance Analysis to Predict Evolution of Central Metabolism Scales with the Initial Distance to the Optimum
(Public Library of Science, 2013)The most powerful genome-scale framework to model metabolism, flux balance analysis (FBA), is an evolutionary optimality model. It hypothesizes selection upon a proposed optimality criterion in order to predict the set of ... -
The Absence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea May Protect against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide and its progressive form, steatohepatitis, will be the leading indication for liver transplant by 2020. While risk ... -
ACME: Automated Cell Morphology Extractor for Comprehensive Reconstruction of Cell Membranes
(Public Library of Science, 2012)The quantification of cell shape, cell migration, and cell rearrangements is important for addressing classical questions in developmental biology such as patterning and tissue morphogenesis. Time-lapse microscopic imaging ... -
Action Initiation in the Human Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex
(Public Library of Science, 2013)The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has previously been implicated in processes that influence action initiation. In humans however, there has been little direct evidence connecting dACC to the temporal onset of ... -
Activated Human CD4+CD45RO+ Memory T-Cells Indirectly Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through Downregulation of P2X7R Signalling
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that control the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Inflammasomes play an important role in the control of immunity to tumors and infections, and also in ... -
Activation of ERK1/2 by Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Rat Parotid Acinar Cells
(Public Library of Science, 2013)The regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes, including transcription, protein activation, vesicle trafficking, and ion movement across epithelial ... -
Activation of the Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)-Transforming Growth Factor β 1 (TGF-β 1) Axis in Hepatitis C Virus-Expressing Hepatocytes
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: The pro-fibrogenic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays an important role in the development and progression of fibrosis in many organ systems, including liver. However, its role in the ... -
An Active Learning Approach for Rapid Characterization of Endothelial Cells in Human Tumors
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Currently, no available pathological or molecular measures of tumor angiogenesis predict response to antiangiogenic therapies used in clinical practice. Recognizing that tumor endothelial cells (EC) and EC activation and ... -
Activity of the Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Ganetespib in Melanoma
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes such as cell signaling, proliferation and survival, and has been recently recognized as a potential target for cancer therapy. ... -
Acute SIV Infection in Sooty Mangabey Monkeys Is Characterized by Rapid Virus Clearance from Lymph Nodes and Absence of Productive Infection in Germinal Centers
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Lymphoid tissue immunopathology is a characteristic feature of chronic HIV/SIV infection in AIDS-susceptible species, but is absent in SIV-infected natural hosts. To investigate factors contributing to this difference, we ... -
ADCC Develops Over Time during Persistent Infection with Live-Attenuated SIV and Is Associated with Complete Protection against \(SIV_{mac}251\) Challenge
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Live-attenuated strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) routinely confer apparent sterilizing immunity against pathogenic SIV challenge in rhesus macaques. Understanding the mechanisms of protection by live-attenuated ... -
Adenosine A1 Receptors Promote Vasa Vasorum Endothelial Cell Barrier Integrity via G\(_{i}\) and Akt-Dependent Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: In a neonatal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, a dramatic pulmonary artery adventitial thickening, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the adventitial compartment, and angiogenic expansion of the vasa ... -
Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Susceptibility and Mortality
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Rationale: Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that is the most abundant gene product of adipose tissue. Lower levels have been observed in obesity, insulin resistance, and in critical illness. However, elevated ... -
An Adjustable Gas-Mixing Device to Increase Feasibility of In Vitro Culture of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Field
(Public Library of Science, 2014)A challenge to conducting high-impact and reproducible studies of the mechanisms of P. falciparum drug resistance, invasion, virulence, and immunity is the lack of robust and sustainable in vitro culture in the field. While ... -
Adult Cardiac Progenitor Cell Aggregates Exhibit Survival Benefit Both In Vitro and In Vivo
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: A major hurdle in the use of exogenous stems cells for therapeutic regeneration of injured myocardium remains the poor survival of implanted cells. To date, the delivery of stem cells into myocardium has largely ... -
Affective and Neural Reactivity to Criticism in Individuals High and Low on Perceived Criticism
(Public Library of Science, 2012)People who have remitted from depression are at increased risk for relapse if they rate their relatives as being critical of them on a simple self-report measure of Perceived Criticism (PC). To explore neural mechanisms ...