Browsing HMS Scholarly Articles by Keyword "Antibiotics"

Now showing items 1-13 of 13

    • Antibiotic Treatment of Children With Sore Throat 

      Linder, Jeffrey A.; Bates, David; Lee, Grace M.; Finkelstein, Jonathan (American Medical Association (AMA), 2005-11-09)
      Context: Of children with sore throat, 15% to 36% have pharyngitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS). Performance of a GABHS test prior to antibiotic prescribing is recommended for children with sore ...

    • Behavioral interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: a randomized pilot trial 

      Persell, Stephen D.; Doctor, Jason N.; Friedberg, Mark W.; Meeker, Daniella; Friesema, Elisha; Cooper, Andrew; Haryani, Ajay; Gregory, Dyanna L.; Fox, Craig R.; Goldstein, Noah J.; Linder, Jeffrey A. (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Background: Clinicians frequently prescribe antibiotics inappropriately for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Our objective was to test information technology-enabled behavioral interventions to reduce inappropriate ...

    • Impact of Microbiota on Resistance to Ocular Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis 

      Kugadas, Abirami; Christiansen, Stig Hill; Sankaranarayanan, Saiprasad; Surana, Neeraj K.; Gauguet, Stefanie; Kunz, Ryan; Fichorova, Raina; Vorup-Jensen, Thomas; Gadjeva, Mihaela (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The existence of the ocular microbiota has been reported but functional analyses to evaluate its significance in regulating ocular immunity are currently lacking. We compared the relative contribution of eye and gut ...

    • The Impact of Reporting a Prior Penicillin Allergy on the Treatment of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 

      Blumenthal, Kimberly G.; Shenoy, Erica S.; Huang, Mingshu; Kuhlen, James L.; Ware, Winston A.; Parker, Robert A.; Walensky, Rochelle P. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia is a morbid infection with mortality benefit from receipt of parenteral β-lactam therapy. A substantial portion of MSSA bacteremia patients report ...

    • Myc and Fgf Are Required for Zebrafish Neuromast Hair Cell Regeneration 

      Lee, Sang Goo; Huang, Mingqian; Obholzer, Nikolaus D.; Sun, Shan; Li, Wenyan; Petrillo, Marco; Dai, Pu; Zhou, Yi; Cotanche, Douglas A.; Megason, Sean G.; Li, Huawei; Chen, Zheng-Yi (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Unlike mammals, the non-mammalian vertebrate inner ear can regenerate the sensory cells, hair cells, either spontaneously or through induction after hair cell loss, leading to hearing recovery. The mechanisms underlying ...

    • Propensity Score-Based Approaches to Confounding by Indication in Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis: Non-Standardized Treatment for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis 

      Fox, Gregory J.; Benedetti, Andrea; Mitnick, Carole D.; Pai, Madhukar; Menzies, Dick (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Background: In the absence of randomized clinical trials, meta-analysis of individual patient data (IPD) from observational studies may provide the most accurate effect estimates for an intervention. However, confounding ...

    • Recognizing and managing sepsis: what needs to be done? 

      Yealy, Donald M; Huang, David T; Delaney, Anthony; Knight, Marian; Randolph, Adrienne G; Daniels, Ron; Nutbeam, Tim (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Sepsis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized and treated. Since the development of early goal-directed therapy, mortality rates have decreased, but sepsis remains a major cause ...

    • Sequence-Specific Targeting of Bacterial Resistance Genes Increases Antibiotic Efficacy 

      Ayhan, Dilay Hazal; Tamer, Yusuf Talha; Akbar, Mohammed; Bailey, Stacey M.; Wong, Michael; Daly, Seth M.; Greenberg, David E.; Toprak, Erdal (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      The lack of effective and well-tolerated therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a global public health problem leading to prolonged treatment and increased mortality. To improve the efficacy of existing antibiotic ...

    • Simulating Serial-Target Antibacterial Drug Synergies Using Flux Balance Analysis 

      Krueger, Andrew S.; Munck, Christian; Dantas, Gautam; Church, George M.; Galagan, James; Lehár, Joseph; Sommer, Morten O. A. (Public Library of Science, 2016)
      Flux balance analysis (FBA) is an increasingly useful approach for modeling the behavior of metabolic systems. However, standard FBA modeling of genetic knockouts cannot predict drug combination synergies observed between ...

    • Use of behavioral economics and social psychology to improve treatment of acute respiratory infections (BEARI): rationale and design of a cluster randomized controlled trial [1RC4AG039115-01] - study protocol and baseline practice and provider characteristics 

      Persell, Stephen D; Friedberg, Mark W; Meeker, Daniella; Linder, Jeffrey A; Fox, Craig R; Goldstein, Noah J; Shah, Parth D; Knight, Tara K; Doctor, Jason N (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for nonbacterial infections leads to increases in the costs of care, antibiotic resistance among bacteria, and adverse drug events. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are ...

    • What motivates antibiotic dispensing in accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania? A qualitative study 

      Dillip, Angel; Embrey, Martha; Shekalaghe, Elizabeth; Ross-Degnan, Dennis; Vialle-Valentin, Catherine; Kimatta, Suleiman; Liana, Jafary; Rutta, Edmund; Valimba, Richard; Chalker, John (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: Tanzania introduced the accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) program more than a decade ago. Previous evaluations have generally shown that ADDOs meet defined standards of practice better than non-accredited ...

    • What roles do accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania play in facilitating access to antimicrobials? Results of a multi-method analysis 

      Chalker, John C; Vialle-Valentin, Catherine; Liana, Jafary; Mbwasi, Romuald; Semali, Innocent A; Kihiyo, Bernard; Shekalaghe, Elizabeth; Dillip, Angel; Kimatta, Suleiman; Valimba, Richard; Embrey, Martha; Lieber, Rachel; Rutta, Edmund; Johnson, Keith; Ross-Degnan, Dennis (BioMed Central, 2015)
      Background: People in low-income countries purchase a high proportion of antimicrobials from retail drug shops, both with and without a prescription. Tanzania’s accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) program includes ...

    • WSES Jerusalem guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis 

      Di Saverio, Salomone; Birindelli, Arianna; Kelly, Micheal D.; Catena, Fausto; Weber, Dieter G.; Sartelli, Massimo; Sugrue, Michael; De Moya, Mark; Gomes, Carlos Augusto; Bhangu, Aneel; Agresta, Ferdinando; Moore, Ernest E.; Soreide, Kjetil; Griffiths, Ewen; De Castro, Steve; Kashuk, Jeffry; Kluger, Yoram; Leppaniemi, Ari; Ansaloni, Luca; Andersson, Manne; Coccolini, Federico; Coimbra, Raul; Gurusamy, Kurinchi S.; Campanile, Fabio Cesare; Biffl, Walter; Chiara, Osvaldo; Moore, Fred; Peitzman, Andrew B.; Fraga, Gustavo P.; Costa, David; Maier, Ronald V.; Rizoli, Sandro; Balogh, Zsolt J; Bendinelli, Cino; Cirocchi, Roberto; Tonini, Valeria; Piccinini, Alice; Tugnoli, Gregorio; Jovine, Elio; Persiani, Roberto; Biondi, Antonio; Scalea, Thomas; Stahel, Philip; Ivatury, Rao; Velmahos, George; Andersson, Roland (BioMed Central, 2016)
      Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis of AA is challenging; a variable combination of clinical signs and symptoms has been used together with laboratory findings in several ...